Robert J. Lefkowitz

Robert Lefkowitz
Robert J. Lefkowitz
Lahir	(1943-04-15)15 April 1943 New York City, New York
Almamater	Columbia University, Harvard University (residency)
Dikenal karena	G protein coupled receptors beta-arrestins
Karier ilmiah
Bidang	Reseptor Biologi Biochemistry
Tempat kerja	Duke University Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Robert J. Lefkowitz (lahir 15 April 1943) adalah seorang dokter dan ilmuwan warga negara Amerika Serikat yang mendapat hadiah Nobel untuk bidang kimia tahun 2012 bersama Brian K. Kobilka untuk hasil karya mereka di bidang reseptor protein terkapling-G.

Pranala luar

Informasi Pemenang Hadiah Nobel

l b s Penerima Penghargaan Nobel Kimia
1901–1925	1901: Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902: Emil Fischer 1903: Svante Arrhenius 1904: William Ramsay 1905: Adolf von Baeyer 1906: Henri Moissan 1907: Eduard Buchner 1908: Ernest Rutherford 1909: Wilhelm Ostwald 1910: Otto Wallach 1911: Marie Curie 1912: Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913: Alfred Werner 1914: Theodore Richards 1915: Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918: Fritz Haber 1919 1920: Walther Nernst 1921: Frederick Soddy 1922: Francis Aston 1923: Fritz Pregl 1924 1925: Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950	1926: Theodor Svedberg 1927: Heinrich Wieland 1928: Adolf Windaus 1929: Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930: Hans Fischer 1931: Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932: Irving Langmuir 1933 1934: Harold Urey 1935: Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936: Peter Debye 1937: Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938: Richard Kuhn 1939: Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943: George de Hevesy 1944: Otto Hahn 1945: Artturi Virtanen 1946: James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947: Robert Robinson 1948: Arne Tiselius 1949: William Giauque 1950: Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975	1951: Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952: Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953: Hermann Staudinger 1954: Linus Pauling 1955: Vincent du Vigneaud 1956: Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957: Alexander Todd 1958: Frederick Sanger 1959: Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960: Willard Libby 1961: Melvin Calvin 1962: Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963: Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin 1965: Robert Woodward 1966: Robert S. Mulliken 1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968: Lars Onsager 1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970: Luis Federico Leloir 1971: Gerhard Herzberg 1972: Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973: Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974: Paul Flory 1975: John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000	1976: William Lipscomb 1977: Ilya Prigogine 1978: Peter D. Mitchell 1979: Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980: Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981: Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982: Aaron Klug 1983: Henry Taube 1984: Robert Merrifield 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986: Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987: Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988: Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989: Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990: Elias Corey 1991: Richard R. Ernst 1992: Rudolph A. Marcus 1993: Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994: George Olah 1995: Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996: Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997: Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998: Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999: Ahmed Zewail 2000: Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–sekarang	2001: William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002: John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003: Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004: Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005: Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006: Roger D. Kornberg 2007: Gerhard Ertl 2008: Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010: Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011: Dan Shechtman 2012: Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013: Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014: Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015: Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016: Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017: Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018: Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith 2019: John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021: Benjamin List / David MacMillan 2022: Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / K. Barry Sharpless 2023: Moungi Bawendi / Louis E. Brus / Alexey Ekimov 2024: David Baker / Demis Hassabis / John M. Jumper 2025: Kitagawa / Robson / Yaghi
{{Nobel Sastra}} {{Nobel Fisika}} {{Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran}} {{Nobel Kimia}} {{Nobel Ekonomi}} {{Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian}}

l b s Penerima Penghargaan Shaw
Astronomi	Jim Peebles (2004) Geoffrey Marcy dan Michel Mayor (2005) Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess dan Brian P. Schmidt (2006) Peter Goldreich (2007) Reinhard Genzel (2008) Frank Shu (2009) Charles L. Bennett, Lyman Page, dan David Spergel (2010) Enrico Costa dan Gerald J. Fishman (2011) David C. Jewitt dan Jane Luu (2012) Steven Balbus dan John F. Hawley (2013) Daniel Eisenstein, Shaun Cole, dan John A. Peacock (2014) William Borucki (2015) Ronald Drever, Kip Thorne, dan Rainer Weiss (2016) Simon White (2017) Jean-Loup Puget (2018) Edward C. Stone (2019) Roger D. Blandford (2020) Victoria M. Kaspi dan Chryssa Kouveliotou (2021) Lennart Lindegren dan Michael Perryman (2022) Matthew Bailes, Duncan Lorimer dan Maura McLaughlin (2023)
Ilmu kehidupan dan kedokteran	Stanley Norman Cohen, Herbert Boyer, Kan Yuet-wai, dan Richard Doll (2004) Michael Berridge (2005) Xiaodong Wang (2006) Robert Lefkowitz (2007) Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell, dan Shinya Yamanaka (2008) Douglas L. Coleman dan Jeffrey M. Friedman (2009) David Julius (2010) Jules A. Hoffmann, Ruslan M. Medzhitov, dan Bruce A. Beutler (2011) Franz-Ulrich Hartl, dan Arthur L. Horwich (2012) Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, dan Michael W. Young (2013) Kazutoshi Mori dan Peter Walter (2014) Bonnie Bassler dan Everett Peter Greenberg (2015) Adrian Bird dan Huda Zoghbi (2016) Ian R. Gibbons dan Ronald Vale (2017) Mary-Claire King (2018) Maria Jasin (2019) Gero Miesenböck, Peter Hegemann dan Georg Nagel (2020) Scott D. Emr (2021) Paul A. Negulescu dan Michael J. Welsh (2022) Patrick Cramer dan Eva Nogales (2023)
Ilmu matematika	Shiing-Shen Chern (2004) Andrew Wiles (2005) David Mumford dan Wu Wenjun (2006) Robert Langlands dan Richard Taylor (2007) Vladimir Arnold dan Ludvig Faddeev (2008) Simon Donaldson dan Clifford Taubes (2009) Jean Bourgain (2010) Demetrios Christodoulou dan Richard S. Hamilton (2011) Maxim Kontsevich (2012) David Donoho (2013) George Lusztig (2014) Gerd Faltings dan Henryk Iwaniec (2015) Nigel Hitchin (2016) János Kollár dan Claire Voisin (2017) Luis A. Caffarelli (2018) Michel Talagrand (2019) Alexander Beilinson dan David Kazhdan (2020) Jean-Michel Bismut dan Jeff Cheeger (2021) Noga Alon dan Ehud Hrushovski (2022) Vladimir Drinfeld dan Shing-Tung Yau (2023)

Basis data pengawasan otoritas
Internasional	ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat
Nasional	Amerika Serikat Republik Ceko Belanda Israel
Akademik	ORCID Google Scholar
Orang	DDB
Lain-lain	IdRef SNAC Yale LUX