François-Noël Babeuf

François-Noël Babeuf
François-Noël "Gracchus" Babeuf
Lahir	(1760-11-23)23 November 1760 Saint-Quentin, Prancis
Meninggal	27 Mei 1797(1797-05-27) (umur 36) Vendôme, Prancis

Filsafat
Era	Filsafat abad ke-18
Wilayah	Filsuf Barat
Aliran	"Babouvisme" (pendahulu anarkisme dan komunisme)
Minat utama	Filsafat politik

Sosialisme
Bagian dari seri

Perkembangan Sejarah sosialisme Perdebatan kalkulasi sosialis Ekonomi sosialis
Gagasan Penghitungan dalam barang Kepemilikan kolektif Koperasi Kepemilikan bersama Demokrasi ekonomi Perencanaan ekonomi Kesetaraan kesempatan Asosiasi bebas Demokrasi industri Model masukan-keluaran Internasionalisme Kupon kerja Keseimbangan material Ekonomi sejawat ke sejawat (Ekonomi berbagi) Produksi untuk penggunaan Kepemilikan negara Manajemen mandiri Dividen sosial Kepemilikan sosial Untuk masing-masing sesuai kontribusinya Demokrasi tempat kerja
Model Perencanaan terdesentralisasi Ekonomi partisipatoris Sosialisme pasar Demokrasi ekonomi Georgisme Model Lange Mutualisme Sosialisme Ricardian Ekonomi terencana Tipe Soviet Proyek Cybersyn Ekonomi pasar sosialis Pasar berorientasi sosialis
Varian Afrika Agraria Anarkis Otoritarian Blanquisme Komunisme Demokratik Etika Ekologi Feminis Georgisme Serikat buruh Impossibilisme Liberal Libertarian Pasar Marhaenisme Marxian Satu negara Marxisme Maoisme Owenisme Platformisme Reformisme Religius Revisionisme Revolusioner Ricardian Ilmiah Demokrasi sosial Negara Sindikalisme Teknokrasi Trotskyisme Utopis dengan karakteristik Cina Zionis Abad ke-21
Sejarah berdasarkan negara Brazil Kanada Prancis Hong Kong India Indonesia Belanda Selandia Baru Pakistan Britania Raya Amerika Serikat
Tokoh Charles Hall François-Noël Babeuf Henri de Saint-Simon Robert Owen Charles Fourier Louis Auguste Blanqui William Thompson Thomas Hodgskin Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Louis Blanc Moses Hess Karl Marx Friedrich Engels Mikhail Bakunin Ferdinand Lassalle William Morris Peter Kropotkin Mary Harris Jones Georgi Plekhanov Fernand Pelloutier Eugene V. Debs Ben Tillett John Dewey Karl Polanyi G. D. H. Cole Eduard Bernstein Antonio Gramsci Luis Emilio Recabarren Sidney Hook Noam Chomsky Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin Rosa Luxemburg José Carlos Mariátegui Enrico Barone Fred M. Taylor Errico Malatesta Antonie Pannekoek Farabundo Martí Oskar R. Lange Abba P. Lerner Léon Blum Mao Zedong Edvard Kardelj Clement Attlee Josip Broz Tito Einar Gerhardsen Olof Palme Fidel Castro Ho Chi Minh Che Guevara Salvador Allende Deng Xiaoping Mikhail Gorbachev Hugo Chávez Evo Morales Bernie Sanders Zohran Mamdani Omar Fateh Agus Jabo Priyono
Organisasi Internasional Pertama (Asosiasi Pekerja Internasional) Internasional Kedua Internasional Ketiga (Komintern) Internasional Keempat Internasional Kelima Buruh dan Sosialis Internasional Sosialis Internasional Federasi Pemuda Demokratik Sedunia Serikat Pemuda Sosialis Internasional Pergerakan Sosialisme Sedunia Komite Internasional Internasional Keempat Progressive Alliance
Topik yang berhubungan Anarkisme Kapitalisme Komunisme Masyarakat komunis Kritik terhadap kapitalisme Sistem ekonomi Kiri Prancis Daftar ekonom sosialis Marxisme Nanososialisme Progresivisme Sosialisme sayap kanan Sosialisme dan hak LGBT Partai sosialis Negara sosialis
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l b s

François-Noël Babeuf (bahasa Prancis: [babœf]; 23 November 1760 – 27 May 1797), dikenal sebagai Gracchus Babeuf,^[1] adalah agitator politik dan jurnalis Prancis pada Periode Revolusi Prancis. Surat kabarnya, Le tribun du peuple ("Tribun rakyat") paling dikenal karena isinya yang membela kaum miskin dan menuntut pemberontakan rakyat terhadap Direktori, pemerintah Prancis. Dia adalah pembela utama demokrasi, penghapusan properti pribadi dan kesamaan hasil. Dia marah terhadap otoritas penguasa yang mengawasi dengan keras musuh-musuh radikalnya. Meski dengan usaha teman-teman Jacobinnya yang menolong Babeuf, dia dieksekusi atas perannya dalam Konspirasi Persamaan.

Nama panggilan "Gracchus" dipadankan dengan tribun rakyat Roma kuno. Meski kata-kata "anarkis" dan "komunis" belum ada pada masa hidupnya, kedua kata tersebut digunakan oleh ahli-ahli setelahnya untuk menjelaskan gagasan Babeuf. Istilah "komunisme" pertama kali digunakan di Inggris oleh Goodwyn Barmby dalam percakapan dengan orang-orang yang dia sebut sebagai "murid Babeuf".^[2] Dia disebut sebagai "Komunis Revolusioner Pertama".^[3]

Lihat pula

Referensi

↑ EB (1878). sfnp error: tanpa target: CITEREFEB1878 (bantuan)
↑ Harper, Douglas. "communist". Online Etymology Dictionary.
↑ R. B. Rose, Gracchus Babeuf: The First Revolutionary Communist (1978)

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai François-Noël Babeuf.

Gracchus Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals Diarsipkan 2007-07-10 di Wayback Machine., dokumen di Marxists.org.
Gracchus Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals Diarsipkan 2007-08-09 di Wayback Machine. karya Belfort Bax.
- Ian H. Birchall, Morris, Bax and Babeuf Diarsipkan 2007-07-26 di Wayback Machine., review buku Bax.

Revolusi Prancis

Peristiwa sipil dan politik yang signifikan menurut tahun
1788	Day of the Tiles (7 Jun 1788) Assembly of Vizille (21 Jul 1788)
1789	What Is the Third Estate? (Jan 1789) Réveillon riots (28 Apr 1789) Convocation of the Estates-General (5 May 1789) Death of the Dauphin (4 June 1789) National Assembly (17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) Tennis Court Oath (20 Jun 1789) National Constituent Assembly (9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) Storming of the Bastille (14 Jul 1789) Great Fear (20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) Abolition of Feudalism (4-11 Aug 1789) Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (27 Aug 1789) Women's March on Versailles (5 Oct 1789)
1790	Abolition of the Parlements (Feb–Jul 1790) Abolition of the Nobility (19 Jun 1790) Civil Constitution of the Clergy (12 Jul 1790) Fête de la Fédération (14 Jul 1790)
1791	Flight to Varennes (20–21 Jun 1791) Champ de Mars Massacre (17 Jul 1791) Declaration of Pillnitz (27 Aug 1791) The Constitution of 1791 (3 Sep 1791) Legislative Assembly (1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1792	France declares war (20 Apr 1792) Brunswick Manifesto (25 Jul 1792) Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary (Jun 1792) 10th of August (10 Aug 1792) September Massacres (Sep 1792) National Convention (20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) First republic declared (22 Sep 1792)
1793	Execution of Louis XVI (21 Jan 1793) Revolutionary Tribunal (9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) Reign of Terror (27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) Committee of Public Safety Committee of General Security Fall of the Girondists (2 Jun 1793) Assassination of Marat (13 Jul 1793) Levée en masse (23 Aug 1793) The Death of Marat (painting) Law of Suspects (17 Sep 1793) Marie Antoinette is guillotined (16 Oct 1793) Anti-clerical laws (throughout the year)
1794	Danton and Desmoulins guillotined (5 Apr 1794) Law of 22 Prairial (10 Jun 1794) Thermidorian Reaction (27 Jul 1794) Robespierre guillotined (28 Jul 1794) White Terror (Fall 1794) Closing of the Jacobin Club (11 Nov 1794)
1795	Constitution of the Year III (22 Aug 1795) Conspiracy of the Equals (Nov 1795) Directoire (1795–99) Council of Five Hundred Council of Ancients 13 Vendémiaire 5 Oct 1795
1797	Coup of 18 Fructidor (4 Sep 1797) Second Congress of Rastatt (Dec 1797)
1799	Coup of 30 Prairial VII (18 Jun 1799) Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 Nov 1799) Constitution of the Year VIII (24 Dec 1799) Consulate

Operasi militer revolusioner
1792	Verdun Thionville Valmy Royalist Revolts Chouannerie Vendée Dauphiné Lille Siege of Mainz Jemappes Namur [fr]
1793	Koalisi Pertama Vendée Neerwinden Famars (23 May 1793) Expédition de Sardaigne (21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) Kaiserslautern Mainz Wattignies Hondschoote Bellegarde Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) Toulon (18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) First Battle of Wissembourg (13 Oct 1793) Pertempuran Truillas (Pyrenees) Second Battle of Wissembourg (26–27 Dec 1793)
1794	Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies (24 Apr 1794) Pertempuran Boulou (Pyrenees) (30 Apr – 1 May 1794) Battle of Tourcoing (18 May 1794) Battle of Tournay (22 May 1794) Fleurus (26 Jun 1794) Chouannerie Battle of Aldenhoven (2 Oct 1794)
1795	Perdamaian Basel
1796	Battle of Lonato (3–4 Aug 1796) Pertempuran Castiglione (5 Aug 1796) Battle of Theiningen Battle of Neresheim (11 Aug 1796) Battle of Amberg (24 Aug 1796) Battle of Würzburg (3 Sep 1796) Battle of Rovereto (4 Sep 1796) First Battle of Bassano (8 Sep 1796) Battle of Emmendingen (19 Oct 1796) Battle of Schliengen (26 Oct 1796) Second Battle of Bassano (6 Nov 1796) Pertempuran Calliano (6–7 Nov 1796) Battle of the Bridge of Arcole (15–17 Nov 1796) The Ireland Expedition (Dec 1796)
1797	Naval Engagement off Brittany (13 Jan 1797) Pertempuran Rivoli (14–15 Jan 1797) Battle of the Bay of Cádiz (25 Jan 1797) Perjanjian Leoben (17 Apr 1797) Battle of Neuwied (18 Apr 1797) Treaty of Campo Formio (17 Oct 1797)
1798	French invasion of Switzerland (28 January – 17 May 1798) French Invasion of Egypt (1798–1801) Irish Rebellion of 1798 (23 May – 23 Sep 1798) Quasi-War (1798–1800) Peasants' War (12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
1799	Koalisi Kedua (1798–1802) Siege of Acre (20 Mar – 21 May 1799) Battle of Ostrach (20–21 Mar 1799) Battle of Stockach (25 Mar 1799) Battle of Magnano (5 Apr 1799) Battle of Cassano (27 Apr 1799) First Battle of Zurich (4–7 Jun 1799) Battle of Trebbia (19 Jun 1799) Battle of Novi (15 Aug 1799) Second Battle of Zurich (25–26 Sep 1799)
1800	Pertempuran Marengo (14 Jun 1800) Convention of Alessandria (15 Jun 1800) Pertempuran Hohenlinden (3 Dec 1800) League of Armed Neutrality (1800–02)
1801	Perjanjian Lunéville (9 Feb 1801) Perjanjian Florence (18 Mar 1801) Kampanye Algeciras (8 Jul 1801)
1802	Perjanjian Amiens (25 Mar 1802)

Pemimpin militer

Angkatan Darat
Prancis

French Navy

Charles-Alexandre Linois

Opposition

Austria	József Alvinczi Charles, Adipati Teschen Count of Clerfayt (Walloon) Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze (Swiss) Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth Pál Kray (Hungarian) Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc (French) Maximilian Baillet de Latour (Walloon) Karl Mack von Leiberich Rudolf Ritter von Otto (Saxon) Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló (Hungarian) Karl Philipp Sebottendorf Dagobert von Wurmser
Britania Raya	Sir Ralph Abercromby Laksamana Sir James Saumarez Laksamana Sir Edward Pellew Pangeran Frederick, Adipati York dan Albany
Republik Belanda	William V, Pangeran Oranye
Prusia	Charles William Ferdinand, Adipati Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Frederick Louis, Pangeran Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
Rusia	Alexander Korsakov Alexander Suvorov
Spanyol	Luis Firmín de Carvajal Antonio Ricardos

Tokoh dan faksi berpengaruh lainnya
Society of 1789	Jean Sylvain Bailly Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt Isaac René Guy le Chapelier Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord Nicolas de Condorcet
Feuillants and monarchiens	Madame de Lamballe Madame du Barry Louis de Breteuil Loménie de Brienne Charles Alexandre de Calonne de Chateaubriand Jean Chouan Grace Elliott Arnaud de La Porte Jean-Sifrein Maury Jacques Necker François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas Antoine Barnave Lafayette Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth Charles Malo François Lameth André Chénier Jean-François Rewbell Camille Jordan Madame de Staël Boissy d'Anglas Jean-Charles Pichegru Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
Girondis	Jacques Pierre Brissot Roland de La Platière Madame Roland Father Henri Grégoire Étienne Clavière Marquis de Condorcet Charlotte Corday Marie Jean Hérault Jean Baptiste Treilhard Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve Jean Debry Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil Olympe de Gouges Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
The Plain	Abbé Sieyès de Cambacérès Charles François Lebrun Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot Philippe Égalité Louis Philippe I Mirabeau Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville Jean Joseph Mounier Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours François de Neufchâteau
Montagnards	Maximilien Robespierre Georges Danton Jean-Paul Marat Camille Desmoulins Louis Antoine de Saint-Just Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras Louis Philippe I Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau Jacques-Louis David Marquis de Sade Georges Couthon Roger Ducos Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois Jean-Henri Voulland Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier Jean-Pierre-André Amar Prieur de la Côte-d'Or Prieur de la Marne Gilbert Romme Jean Bon Saint-André Jean-Lambert Tallien Pierre Louis Prieur Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac Antoine Christophe Saliceti
Hébertists dan Enragés	Jacques Hébert Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne Pierre Gaspard Chaumette Charles-Philippe Ronsin Antoine-François Momoro François-Nicolas Vincent François Chabot Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel François Hanriot Jacques Roux Stanislas-Marie Maillard Charles-Philippe Ronsin Jean-François Varlet Theophile Leclerc Claire Lacombe Pauline Léon Gracchus Babeuf Sylvain Maréchal
Others	Charles X Louis XVI Louis XVII Louis XVIII Louis Antoine, Adipati Enghien Louis Henri, Prince of Condé Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé Marie Antoinette Napoléon Bonaparte Lucien Bonaparte Joseph Bonaparte Joseph Fesch Joséphine de Beauharnais Joachim Murat Jean Sylvain Bailly Jacques-Donatien Le Ray Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes Talleyrand Thérésa Tallien Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target Catherine Théot List of people associated with the Revolusi Prancis

Pemikir berpengaruh
Les Lumières Beaumarchais Edmund Burke Anacharsis Cloots Charles-Augustin de Coulomb Pierre Claude François Daunou Diderot Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson Antoine Lavoisier Montesquieu Thomas Paine Jean-Jacques Rousseau Abbé Sieyès Voltaire Mary Wollstonecraft

Efek budaya

Sosialisme

Aliran pemikiran

Libertarian (Libertarianisme kiri)	Anarkisme sosial Kolektivis Komunis Ekonomi Pemberontakan Magonisme Mutualisme Neozapatismo Partisipisme Platformisme Sindikalis Marxisme libertarian Komunisme kiri Komunisme dewan Luxemburgisme Trotskyisme Posadisme
Otoritarian	Bolshevisme Hoxhaisme Juche Marxisme–Leninisme Maoisme Dengisme Pemikiran Xi Jinping Negara Stalinisme Neo-Stalinisme
Religius	Buddhis Kristen Islam Yahudi
Varian regional	Abad ke-21 Afrika Arab Bolivarianisme Eurokomunisme Ghandi India Zionisme buruh Marhaenisme Naxalisme Neozapatismo Soviet Nyata Sosialisme di satu negara Nasionalis Sri Lanka Dunia Ketiga

Topik dan
isu utama

Konsep

Tokoh

a.16	Thomas More Tommaso Campanella
a.18	Gracchus Babeuf Victor d'Hupay Gabriel Bonnot de Mably Sylvain Maréchal Étienne-Gabriel Morelly
a.19	Mikhail Bakunin John Goodwyn Barmby Enrico Barone August Bebel Edward Bellamy Eduard Bernstein Louis Blanc Louis Auguste Blanqui Philippe Buchez Georg Büchner Philippe Buonarroti Étienne Cabet Edward Carpenter Nikolay Chernyshevsky James Connolly Victor Prosper Considerant Claire Démar Théodore Dézamy W. E. B. Du Bois Prosper Enfantin Friedrich Engels Charles Fourier Emma Goldman Charles Hall Alexander Herzen Jean Jaurès Mary Harris Jones Karl Kautsky Peter Kropotkin Paul Lafargue Albert Laponneraye Ferdinand Lassalle Pyotr Lavrov Alexandre Ledru-Rollin Pierre Leroux Helen Macfarlane Errico Malatesta Karl Marx Louise Michel Nikolay Mikhaylovsky William Morris Robert Owen Antonie Pannekoek Giovanni Pascoli Constantin Pecqueur Georgi Plekhanov Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Luis Emilio Recabarren Henri de Saint-Simon Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin George Sand Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz Eugène Sue Lysander Spooner Fred M. Taylor William Thompson Pyotr Tkachev Benjamin Tucker Suzanne Voilquin Alfred Russel Wallace Wilhelm Weitling Oscar Wilde
a.20	Tariq Ali Salvador Allende Louis Aragon Clement Attlee Aung San Deng Xiaoping Jiang Zemin Henri Barbusse Zygmunt Bauman Simone de Beauvoir Walter Benjamin Tony Benn Léon Blum Grace Lee Boggs Murray Bookchin Bertolt Brecht Aristide Briand Nikolai Bukharin Cornelius Castoriadis Hugo Chávez Noam Chomsky G. D. H. Cole Jeremy Corbyn Bob Crow Guy Debord Eugene Debs John Dewey Alexander Dubček Albert Einstein Einar Gerhardsen Mikhail Gorbachev Maxim Gorky Antonio Gramsci Chris Hedges Eric Hobsbawm Dolores Ibárruri Pablo Iglesias Elfriede Jelinek Martin Luther King Jr. Alexandra Kollontai Jack Layton Henri Lefebvre Claude Lefort Vladimir Lenin Ken Livingstone Lu Xun György Lukács Rosa Luxemburg Nestor Makhno Nelson Mandela Tan Malaka Mao Dun Vladimir Mayakovsky Maurice Merleau-Ponty China Miéville François Mitterrand Imre Nagy Gamal Abdel Nasser Otto Neurath Paul Nizan Abdullah Öcalan Seán O'Casey George Orwell Sylvia Pankhurst Pier Paolo Pasolini Karl Polanyi Bertrand Russell Gaetano Salvemini Bernie Sanders Jean-Paul Sartre Arthur Scargill Léopold Sédar Senghor George Bernard Shaw Sukarno Amir Syarifuddin R. H. Tawney Sun Yat-sen E. P. Thompson Ernst Toller Leon Trotsky Yanis Varoufakis H. G. Wells Cornel West Richard D. Wolff Clara Zetkin Howard Zinn Slavoj Žižek J. Posadas
a.21	Hugo Chavez Bob Crow Hu Jintao Kim Jong-un Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu Evo Morales Hasan Piker Agus Jabo Priyono Lula da Silva Yanis Varoufakis Xi Jinping Vaush Zohran Mamdani Andy Burnham

Organisasi

Lihat pula

Basis data pengawasan otoritas
Internasional	ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat
Nasional	Amerika Serikat Prancis Data BnF Jepang Italia Australia Republik Ceko Spanyol Portugal Belanda Norwegia Yunani Argentina Swedia Polandia 2 Vatikan Israel Finlandia Belgia Kroasia
Akademik	CiNii
Seniman	FID
Orang	Trove Deutsche Biographie DDB
Lain-lain	IdRef SNAC Yale LUX