 (1981)  | |
| Nama dalam bahasa asli | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
|---|---|
Temple name (en)  | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Posthumous name (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Biografi | |
| Kelompok | manusia |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Kelahiran | 21 Desember 1917 Köln () |
| Kematian | 16 Juli 1985 (67 tahun) Langenbroich () |
| Penyebab kematian | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tempat pemakaman | Pemakaman Lama Merten |
| Ketua Pen club | |
| 1972 – 1973 ← Pierre Emmanuel – V. S. Pritchett → | |
| Data pribadi | |
| Kelompok etnik | Orang Jerman |
| Ideologi politik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Agama | Gereja Katolik Roma |
| Pendidikan | Universität zu Köln |
| Tangan utama | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Warna mata | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Warna rambut | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kegiatan | |
| Tesis akademis | [Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.] (Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.) |
| Penasihat doktoral | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Spesialisasi | Fiction (en) , creative and professional writing (en) , Sandiwara Radio dan Terjemahan |
| Pekerjaan | penulis lirik,penulis,Nobel Prize winner (en) ,Tokoh masyarakat,novelis,penerjemah,penyair,penulis skenario,penulis cerita pendek |
| Periode | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Periode aktif | (Floruit: Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.) |
| Bekerja di | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Partai politik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tertarik dengan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Genre | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Aliran | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Murid dari | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Dipengaruhi oleh | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Nama pena | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Diwakili oleh | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Gaji pokok | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Total kekayaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kesetiaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Cabang militer | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pangkat militer | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Komando | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Konflik | Perang Dunia II |
| Time in space (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Aktivitas luar kendaraan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| P450 | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Ordo keagamaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Priestly ordination in the Roman rite (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Konsekrasi | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Celebration (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Ziarah | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tanggal perayaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Iconographic symbol (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Domain of saint or deity (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tipe suara | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Instrumen | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Label rekaman | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Related artists (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Musical conductor (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Patron of the arts (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Membela negara (untuk olahraga) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Olahraga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Disiplin olahraga berkompetisi pada | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Competition class (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Liga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Posisi dalam tim | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tangan main | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Nomor punggung | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Co-driver (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kepala pelatih | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Drafted by (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kit supplier (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Karya kreatif | |
Karya terkenal
| |
| Murid doktoral | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Singkatan nama ahli botani | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Singkatan nama zoologi | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Lain-lain | |
| Gelar bangsawan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Keluarga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pasangan nikah | Annemarie Böll (en) |
| Kekasih | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Anak | Kesalahan ekspresi: Operator < tak terduga |
| Orang tua | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'., Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Saudara | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kerabat | Aloys Böll (en) (paman) |
| Tuntutan hukum yang diterima | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Dinyatakan bersalah atas | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
Penghargaan
| |
Tanda tangan .png){kind=small} | |
[[Berkas:Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.|100px|alt= Lambang kebesaran Heinrich Theodor Böll]] | |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
 Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.   | |
Heinrich Theodor Böll (21 Desember 1917 – 16 Juli 1985) adalah penulis Jerman dan pemenang Hadiah Nobel Sastra pada 1972.
Kehidupan
Böll dilahirkan di Koeln. Keluarganya ialah penganut Katolik yang taat dan juru damai. Ia ke sekolah dari 1922 sampai 1937. Setelah abiturnya, ia memulai pelatihan menjadi seorang penjual buku.[butuh rujukan] Ia tak bergabung dengan Pemuda Hitler, sehingga ia harus bergabung dalam tentara Jerman dalam PD II. Pada 1939 ia mulai belajar sastra Jerman di Köln]], tetapi terputus karena dinas militer.[butuh rujukan]
Pada 1945 ia menjadi tahanan perang Amerika. Orang-orang Amerika ingin mendidik orang Jerman agar demokratis. Maka mereka mendorong tahanan dengan bakat menulis. Böll dan beberapa penulis muda lainnya mendirikan group 47.[butuh rujukan] Böll menulis banyak sastra bernuansa kritik sosial. Tema utamanya yakni penindasan jalan hidup oleh kekuatan Katolik konservatif dan masalah Nazi yang tak terpecahkan dalam masyarakat.[butuh rujukan]
Pada 1970-an ia mengkritik hilangnya hukum perdata akibat perang melawan terorisme (Faksi Tentara Merah, kelompok teroris politik sayap kiri pada 1970-an di Jerman Barat). Untuk alasan itu, Bild-Zeitung, surat kabar pers kuning agresif dan konservatif memulai kampanye menentangnya.[butuh rujukan] Pada akhir 1970-an ia mulai mencari HAM di Blok Timur, tempat teman-temannya tinggal. Ia membantu disiden Soviet Alexander Solshenizyn dand Lev Kopelev.[butuh rujukan]
Pada 1980-an ia bekerja buat gerakan perdamaian dan memprotes alat perang nuklir di Jerman Barat.[butuh rujukan] Ia kembali ke Gereja Katolik Roma, yang ditinggalkannya pada 1976 sebab protes, sebelum ia meninggal.[butuh rujukan]
Yayasan Heinrich Böll
Partai Hijau Jerman memberi nama yayasannya Böll, Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Tujuan yayasan itu ialah kerja sama internasional, mendukung pemikiran 'demokratis', hukum perdata, dan pemikiran ekologi.
Bibloigrafi terpilih
- Der Zug war pünktlich (Kereta Itu Tepat Waktu), 1949
- Das Vermächtnis (Peninggalan Tentara), ditulis 1948-1949; terbit 1981
- Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa (Orang Asing, Melahirkan Kata untuk Bangsa Sparta), 1950
- Die schwarzen Schafe (Domba Hitam), 1951
- Nicht nur zur Weihnachtszeit (Natal Tak Hanya Sekali Setahun), 1951
- Wo warst du, Adam? (Dan di Manakah Kamu, Adam?), 1951
- Der Engel schwieg (Malaikat Diam), ditulis 1949-1951; terbit 1992
- Und sagte kein einziges Wort (Dan Tidak Pernah Mengucapkan Kata), 1953
- Haus ohne Hüter (Rumah Tanpa Pengawal), 1954
- Das Brot der frühen Jahre (Roti Awal Tahun Itu), 1955
- Irisches Tagebuch (Jurnal Irlandia), 1957
- Die Spurlosen (Orang Hilang), 1957
- Doktor Murkes gesammeltes Schweigen (Keheningan Terkumpul Dokter Murke), 1958
- Billard um halb zehn (Biliar Jam Sembilan Lewat Setengah), 1959
- Ein Schluck Erde, 1962
- Ansichten eines Clowns (Badut), 1963
- Entfernung von der Truppe (Absen Tanpa Meninggalkan), 1964
- Ende einer Dienstfahrt (Akhir Sebuah Misi), 1966
- Gruppenbild mit Dame (Potret Kelompok dengan Wanita), 1971
- Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum (Penghormatan yang Hilang atas Katharina Blum), 1974
- Fürsorgliche Belagerung (Jaringan Aman), 1979
- Was soll aus dem Jungen bloss werden?, 1981
- Vermintes Gelände, 1982
- Die Verwundung (Korban Kecelakaan), kisah awal, terbit 1983
- Frauen vor Flusslandschaft (Wanita dalam Pemandangan Sungai), 1985 (terbit secara anumerta)
- Bernd Balzer: Das literarische Werk Heinrich Bölls. Kommentare und Interpretationen. dtv, München 1997. ISBN 3-423-30650-5
- Werner Bellmann (Ed.): Das Werk Heinrich Bölls. Bibliographie mit Studien zum Frühwerk. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1995. ISBN 3-531-12694-6
- Werner Bellmann (Ed.): Heinrich Böll, Romane und Erzählungen. Interpretationen. Reclam, Stuttgart 2000. ISBN 3-15-017514-3
- Michael Butler (Ed.): The Narrative Fiction of Heinrich Böll. Social conscience and literary achievement. Cambridge 1994.
- J.H. Reid: Heinrich Böll. A German for His Time. Berg Publishers Ltd., Oxford 1988.
- Klaus Schröter: Heinrich Böll. Rowohlt-Verlag, Reinbek 1987. ISBN 3-499-50310-7
- Jochen Vogt: Heinrich Böll. 2. Aufl. Beck-Verlag, München 1987. ISBN 3-406-31780-4
- Heinrich Vormweg: Der andere Deutsche. Heinrich Böll. Eine Biographie. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2002. ISBN 3-462-02938-X
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Heinrich Böll.
- Yayasan Heinrich-Böll Diarsipkan 2019-09-26 di Wayback Machine
- Cologne Library Heinrich Böll Archive Diarsipkan 2004-06-07 di Wayback Machine
- Halaman Heinrich Böll Diarsipkan 2004-04-01 di Wayback Machine
- Nobel Archive: Böll, 1972 Diarsipkan 2001-11-25 di Wayback Machine
- http://www.heinrich-boell.de/ Diarsipkan 2012-10-30 di Wayback Machine - situs berbahasa Jerman
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