Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
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Temple name (en)  | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
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| Posthumous name (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Biografi | |
| Kelompok | manusia |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Kelahiran | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. 15 November 1862 Szczawno-Zdrój () |
| Kematian | 6 Juni 1946 (83 tahun) Jagniątków () |
| Penyebab kematian | Bronkitis |
| Tempat pemakaman | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Data pribadi | |
| Kelompok etnik | Orang Jerman |
| Ideologi politik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Agama | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pendidikan | Universitas Jena |
| Tangan utama | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Warna mata | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Warna rambut | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kegiatan | |
| Tesis akademis | [Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.] (Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.) |
| Penasihat doktoral | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Spesialisasi | Drama |
| Pekerjaan | penulis drama,otobiografer,penulis skenario,novelis,penyair,penulis lirik,penulis |
| Periode | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Periode aktif | 1888 – 1946 |
| Bekerja di | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Partai politik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tertarik dengan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Genre | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Aliran | Naturalisme |
| Murid dari | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Dipengaruhi oleh | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Nama pena | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Diwakili oleh | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Gaji pokok | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Total kekayaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kesetiaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Cabang militer | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pangkat militer | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Komando | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Konflik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Time in space (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Aktivitas luar kendaraan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| P450 | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Ordo keagamaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Priestly ordination in the Roman rite (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Konsekrasi | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Celebration (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Ziarah | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tanggal perayaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Iconographic symbol (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Domain of saint or deity (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tipe suara | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Instrumen | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Label rekaman | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Related artists (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Musical conductor (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Patron of the arts (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Membela negara (untuk olahraga) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Olahraga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Disiplin olahraga berkompetisi pada | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Competition class (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Liga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Posisi dalam tim | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tangan main | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Nomor punggung | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Co-driver (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kepala pelatih | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Drafted by (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kit supplier (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Karya kreatif | |
Karya terkenal
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| Murid doktoral | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Singkatan nama ahli botani | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Singkatan nama zoologi | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Lain-lain | |
| Gelar bangsawan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Keluarga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pasangan nikah | Marie Thienemann Hauptmann (en) (1885–1904) Margarete Hauptmann (1904–) |
| Kekasih | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Anak | Kesalahan ekspresi: Operator < tak terduga |
| Orang tua | Robert Hauptmann (en) , Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Saudara | Carl Hauptmann |
| Kerabat | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tuntutan hukum yang diterima | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Dinyatakan bersalah atas | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
Penghargaan
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Tanda tangan  | |
[[Berkas:Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.|100px|alt= Lambang kebesaran Gerhart Hauptmann]] | |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Situs web | gerhart-hauptmann-gesellschaft.de |
 Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.   | |
Gerhart Hauptmann (15 November 1862 – 6 Juni 1946) adalah seorang dramawan Jerman yang menerima Penghargaan Nobel dalam Sastra pada tahun 1912. Ia juga dikenal sebagai salah satu pendiri aliran naturalisme di Jerman.[1]
Karier dramawan Hauptmann
Hauptmann lahir di Obersalzbrunn, sebuah kota kecil di Silesia, sekarang Szczawno-Zdrój di Polandia, sebagai Gerhard Johann Robert Hauptmann. Ia adalah anak seorang penjaga hotel Prusia. Dari sekolah desa kelahirannya ia masuk Realschule di Breslau, lalu dikirim untuk belajar pertanian di pertanian pamannya di Jauer. Namun, karena tak betah dengan kehidupan desa, ia segera kembali ke Breslau dan masuk sekolah seni, bertujuan menjadi pemahat. Di sana ia bertemu sahabat kekalnya Josef Block. Lalu ia belajar di Universitas Jena, dan menghabiskan sebagian besar tahun 1883-1884 di Italia. Pada tahun Mei 1885 Hauptmann menikah dan tinggal di Berlin, dan mencurahkan diri sepenuhnya di karya sastra, dan segera mendapatkan reputasi sebagai salah satu tokoh drama modern.
Pada tahun 1891 ia beristirahat di Schreiberhau, Silesia. Drama pertama Hauptmann, Vor Sonnenaufgang (1889) membuka gerakan naturalistik dalam sastra Jerman modern; diikuti oleh Das Friedensfest (1890), Einsame Menschen (1891) dan Die Weber (1892), sebuah drama yang mengisahkan berkembangnya penganyam tahun 1844.
Karya-karya Hauptmann berikutnya adalah komedi Kollege Crampton (1892), Der Biberpelz (1893) dan Der rote Hahn (1901), sebuah "sajak mimpi", Hannele (1893), dan drama sejarah Florian Geyer (1895). Ia juga menulis tragedi petani Silesia, Fuhrmann Henschel (1898) dan Rose Bernd (1903), dan dongeng dramatis Die versunkene Glocke (1897) and Und Pippa tanzt (1905). Masa puncaknya terjadi tahun 1911: ia menulis Die Ratten, sehingga ia memperoleh Penghargaan Nobel dalam Sastra tahun 1912.
Selama PD I Hauptmann adalah seorang tokoh perdamaian. Dalam masa kariernya ini ia menulis beberapa drama suram dan mengalegorikan sejarah, seperti Der Bogen des Odysseus (1914), Der weisse Heiland (1912–17), Winterballade (1917). Setelah perang kemampuan sastranya makin berkurang. Ada 2 drama panjang yang mirip dengan kesuksesan awal, tetapi dengan perasaan realistik yang tipis: Dorothea Angermann (1926) dan Vor Sonnenuntergang (1932). Ia tetap berada di Jerman setelah "Machtergreifung" dan selamat dari Dresden Lautan Api. Karya terakhirnya adalah Atriden-Tetralogie (1942–46).
Hauptmann meninggal dalam usia 83 tahun di rumahnya di Agnetendorf (kini Jagniątków, Polandia) tahun 1946.
Karya lain
- Drama: Elga (1896), Michael Kramer (1900), Schluck und Jau (1900), Der arme Heinrich (1902), Gabriel Schillings Flucht (1906), Die Jungfern von Bischofsberg (1907), Kaiser Karls Geisel (1908), Griselda (1909), Peter Brauer (1912), Festspiel in deutschen Reimen (1913), Magnus Garbe (1914, second version: 1942), Indipohdi (1920), Veland (1925), Herbert Engelmann (1921–26), Spuk (two plays: Die schwarze Maske and Hexenritt, 1928), Die goldene Harfe (1933), Hamlet im Wittenberg (1935), Die Finsternisse (1937), Ulrich von Lichtenstein (1936–37), Die Tochter der Kathedrale (1935–38).
- Novel: Der Narr in Christo Emanuel Quint (1910), Atlantis (1912), Phantom (1923), Wanda, der Dämon (1926), Die Insel der grossen Mutter (1928), Um Volk und Geist (1932), Im Wirbel der Berufung (1936), Der Abenteuer meiner Jugend (1937) etc. etc.
- Novel pendek: Bahnwärter Thiel (1888), Die Ketzer von Soana (1924), Marginalien (selected works, reports: 1887–1927), Sonnen (1938), Der Schuss im Park (1939)
- Novel sajak: Promethidenlos (1885), Anna (1921), Die blaue Blume (1924), Till Eulenspiegel (1927), Das Meerwunder (1934), Der grosse Traum (1912–42) dll.
Referensi
- ↑ Kurnia, Anton (2019). Ensiklopedia Sastra Dunia. Yogyakarta: Diva Press. hlm. 114. ISBN 978-602-391-662-7.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Gerhart Hauptmann.
- The Nobel Prize Bio on Hauptmann Diarsipkan 2012-10-09 di Wayback Machine.
- Karya Gerhart Hauptmann di Project Gutenberg
- Authors' Calendar Diarsipkan 2007-10-04 di Wayback Machine.
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