Spinosauridae

Spinosauridae Rentang waktu: Kapur Awal–Kapur Akhir, 139–93 jtyl PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Santonian record,[1][2] but see.[3] Kemungkinan catatan fosil Jura Tengah.[4]
Empat spinosaurid, searah jarum jam dari atas kiri: Baryonyx, Irritator, Spinosaurus and Suchomimus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Klad:	Dinosauria
Klad:	Saurischia
Klad:	Theropoda
Klad:	†Carnosauria (?)
Superfamili:	†Megalosauroidea
Famili:	†Spinosauridae Stromer, 1915
Spesies tipe
†Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915
Subkelompok
†Iberospinus †Cristatusaurus †Ostafrikasaurus? †Vallibonavenatrix †Baryonychinae †Spinosaurinae †Ichthyovenator †Irritator †Siamosaurus? †Camarillasaurus? †Oxalaia?* †Spinosaurini †Sigilmassasaurus* †Spinosaurus *disputed validity; =Spinosaurus?[5][6][7]
Sinonim
Baryonychidae Charig & Milner, 1986 Irritatoridae Martill et al., 1996 Sigilmassasauridae Russell, 1996

Spinosauridae (atau spinosaurid) adalah sebuah klad atau famili dinosaurus theropoda tetanurae yang mencakup 10 sampai 17 genera yang telah diketahui. Fosil-fosil spinosaurid telah ditemukan dari seluruh dunia, termasuk Afrika, Eropa, Amerika Selatan dan Asia. Sisa-sisa mereka biasanya berasal dari periode Kapur Awal sampai tengah.

Klasifikasi

Pada 2021, Barker dkk. mendeskripsikan dua spesies spinosaurid baru, Ceratosuchops inferodios dan Riparovenator milnerae sebagai sebuah bagian klad Ceratosuchopsini yang baru diusulkan. Dalam makalah terbitan mereka, mereka melaksanakan analisis filogenetika yang berfokus pada Spinosauridae, yang menghasilkan kladogram berikut:^[1]

	Megalosauridae Spinosauridae Vallibonavenatrix Baryonychinae Iberospinus Baryonyx Ceratosuchopsini Suchomimus Riparovenator Ceratosuchops Spinosaurinae Camarillasaurus Ichthyovenator Irritator Spinosaurini Sigilmassasaurus "Spinosaurus B" MSNM V4047 FSAC-KK 11888 Holotipe Spinosaurus

Referensi

1. 1 2 T. Barker, C.; Hone, D.; Naish, D.; Cau, A.; Lockwood, J.; Foster, B.; Clarkin, C.; Schneider, P.; Gostling, N. (2021). "New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 19340. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1119340B. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97870-8. PMC 8481559. PMID 34588472.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link)
2. ↑ Hone, David W. E.; Xing, X. U.; De-You, Wang (15 Maret 2010). "A PROBABLE BARYONYCHINE (THEROPODA: SPINOSAURIDAE) TOOTH FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF HENAN PROVINCE, CHINA". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 48 (1): 19.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
3. ↑ Katsuhiro, Kubota; Yuji, Takakuwa; Yoshikazu, Hasegawa (2017). "Second discovery of a spinosaurid tooth from the Sebayashi Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Kanna Town, Gunma Prefecture, Japan" (PDF). Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History. 21: 1–6.
4. ↑ Sharma, A.; Novas, Fernando E. (2023). "First Jurassic Evidence of a Possible Spinosaurid Pedal Ungual, from the Jaisalmer Basin, India". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 29 (3): 653–670. doi:10.54103/2039-4942/20032.
5. ↑ Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Maganuco, Simone; Fabri, Matteo; Martill, David M.; Zouhri, Samir; Myhrvold, Nathan; Lurino, Dawid A. (2014). "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur". Science. 345 (6204): 1613–6. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1613I. doi:10.1126/science.1258750. PMID 25213375. S2CID 34421257. Supplementary Information
6. ↑ Smyth, Robert S.H.; Ibrahim, Nizar; Martill, David M. (Oktober 2020). "Sigilmassasaurus is Spinosaurus: A reappraisal of African spinosaurines". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104520. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404520S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520. S2CID 219487346.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: nomor artikel sebagai nomor halaman (link)
7. ↑ Sereno, Paul C.; Beck, Allison L.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Gado, Boubacar; Larsson, Hans C. E.; Lyon, Gabrielle H.; Marcot, Jonathan D.; Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Sadleir, Rudyard W.; Sidor, Christian A.; Varricchio, David D.; Wilson, Gregory P.; Wilson, Jeffrey A. (13 November 1998). "A Long-Snouted Predatory Dinosaur from Africa and the Evolution of Spinosaurids". Science. 282 (5392): 1298–1302. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1298S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.502.3887. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1298. PMID 9812890. {{cite journal}}: Kutipan menggunakan parameter usang |citeseerx=Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

l b s Theropoda
Kingdom: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Sauropsida Klad: Avemetatarsalia Klad: Dinosauria Avemetatarsalia lihat Avemetatarsalia Theropoda lihat dibawah↓
Theropoda Theropoda Chindesaurus? Daemonosaurus? Eodromaeus? Erythrovenator Guaibasaurus? Nhandumirim? Tawa? Herrerasauria? Neotheropoda Dilophosaurus Dolichosuchus? Dracovenator Gojirasaurus Lepidus Liliensternus Lophostropheus Notatesseraeraptor Sarcosaurus Shuangbaisaurus Sinosaurus Tachiraptor Velocipes? Zupaysaurus Coelophysoidea Dracoraptor? Panguraptor Pendraig Podokesaurus Powellvenator Coelophysidae Camposaurus Coelophysis Lucianovenator Megapnosaurus? Panguraptor? Procompsognathus Pterospondylus? Segisaurus Averostra lihat di bawah↓ Neotheropoda yang diperdebatkan Teinurosaurus Halticosaurus
Averostra Averostra Dornraptor Lophostropheus? Ceratosauria Berberosaurus Camarillasaurus? Dandakosaurus? Fosterovenator Ostafrikasaurus? Saltriovenator Sarcosaurus? Spinostropheus? Neoceratosauria Ceratosauridae Ceratosaurus Genyodectes Abelisauroidea Bahariasaurus? Betasuchus Dahalokely Deltadromeus? Eoabelisaurus? Genusaurus Gualicho? Ligabueino Noasauridae Afromimus? Austrocheirus? Berthasaura Compsosuchus? Dahalokely? Genusaurus? Kiyacursor Ligabueino Spinostropheus Elaphrosaurinae Elaphrosaurus Huinculsaurus Limusaurus Noasaurinae Laevisuchus Masiakasaurus Noasaurus Velocisaurus Vespersaurus Abelisauridae Chenanisaurus Dryptosauroides? Eoabelisaurus Indosuchus Kryptops Kurupi Rugops Spectrovenator Tarascosaurus Tralkasaurus Xenotarsosaurus Majungasaurinae Arcovenator Dahalokely? Genusaurus Indosaurus Majungasaurus Rahiolisaurus? Rajasaurus Carnotaurinae Majungasaurinae? Brachyrostra Dahalokely? Ekrixinatosaurus Elemgasem Guemesia Ilokelesia Llukalkan Niebla Rahiolisaurus? Skorpiovenator Thanos Furileusauria Abelisaurus Aucasaurus Caletodraco Carnotaurus Elemgasem? Koleken Pycnonemosaurus Quilmesaurus Viavenator Tetanurae lihat di bawah↓
Tetanurae Tetanurae Calamospondylus? Chienkosaurus? Chilesaurus? Chuandongocoelurus Cruxicheiros? Cryolophosaurus Kaijiangosaurus Kayentavenator Monolophosaurus Pandoravenator Sinosaurus? Szechuanosaurus Vectaerovenator Orionides Megalosauroidea Yunyangosaurus Piatnitzkysauridae Condorraptor Marshosaurus Piatnitzkysaurus Xuanhanosaurus? Megalosauria Streptospondylus? Megalosauridae Eustreptospondylus Megalosaurinae Duriavenator Megalosaurus Torvosaurus Wiehenvenator Afrovenatorinae Afrovenator Dubreuillosaurus Leshansaurus Magnosaurus Piveteausaurus Poekilopleuron? Spinosauridae Camarillasaurus? Cristatusaurus Iberospinus Ostafrikasaurus? Baryonychinae Baryonyx Protathlitis Riojavenatrix Suchosaurus? Vallibonavenatrix? Ceratosuchopsini Ceratosuchops Eocarcharia? Riparovenator Suchomimus Spinosaurinae Camarillasaurus? Ichthyovenator Irritator Oxalaia Siamosaurus Spinosaurini Sigilmassasaurus Spinosaurus Avetheropoda lihat di bawah↓
Avetheropoda Avetheropoda Gasosaurus? Lourinhanosaurus? Carnosauria Altispinax Monolophosaurus? Megalosauridae? Spinosauridae? Allosauroidea Asfaltovenator Erectopus Xuanhanosaurus? Piatnitzkysauridae? Metriacanthosauridae Xuanhanosaurus? Yangchuanosaurus Yuanmouraptor Metriacanthosaurinae Alpkarakush Metriacanthosaurus Shidaisaurus Siamotyrannus Sinraptor Allosauria Allosauridae Allosaurus Antrodemus? Epanterias? Saurophaganax? Carcharodontosauria Datanglong Lusovenator Siamraptor Siats? Veterupristisaurus Neovenatoridae Chilantaisaurus? Gualicho? Neovenator Siats? Megaraptora? Carcharodontosauridae Acrocanthosaurus Altispinax? Concavenator Eocarcharia? Kelmayisaurus Lajasvenator Sauroniops Shaochilong Tameryraptor Ulughbegsaurus Veterupristisaurus Carcharodontosaurinae Carcharodontosaurus Giganotosaurini Giganotosaurus Mapusaurus Meraxes Taurovenator Tyrannotitan Megaraptora? Aoniraptor Bahariasaurus? Fukuiraptor Phuwiangvenator Rapator Siats? Chilantaisaurus? Megaraptoridae Aerosteon Australovenator Maip Megaraptor Murusraptor Orkoraptor Tratayenia Coelurosauria lihat di bawah↓
Coelurosauria Coelurosauria Aratasaurus Asiamericana Bicentenaria Chilantaisaurus? Gualicho? Richardoestesia Sciurumimus? Vayuraptor Xinjiangovenator Zuolong Tyrannoraptora Tyrannosauroidea Chingkankousaurus Labocania? Coeluridae? Coelurus Tanycolagreus? Proceratosauridae Guanlong Kileskus Proceratosaurus Sinotyrannus Yutyrannus Pantyrannosauria Alectrosaurus Aviatyrannis Bagaraatan? Dilong Eotyrannus Jinbeisaurus Juratyrant Khankhuuluu Moros Santanaraptor Stokesosaurus Suskityrannus Timimus? Timurlengia Xiongguanlong Megaraptora? Eutyrannosauria Appalachiosaurus Bistahieversor? Dryptosaurus Tyrannosauridae Albertosaurinae Albertosaurus Gorgosaurus Tyrannosaurinae Asiatyrannus Nanuqsaurus Alioramini Alioramus Qianzhousaurus Daspletosaurini Daspletosaurus Thanatotheristes Teratophoneini Bistahieversor? Dynamoterror Labocania? Lythronax Teratophoneus Tyrannosaurini Tarbosaurus Tyrannosaurus Zhuchengtyrannus Maniraptoromorpha lihat di bawah↓ Coelurosauria yang diperdebatkan Iliosuchus Kakuru Phaedrolosaurus Shanyangosaurus
Maniraptoromorpha Maniraptoromorpha Coelurus? Juravenator Ornitholestes Neocoelurosauria Aniksosaurus Compsognathidae Aniksosaurus? Aristosuchus Beipiaognathus? Compsognathus Huaxiagnathus? Mirischia? Scipionyx? Sinocalliopteryx? Sinosauropteryx? Xunmenglong Sinosauropterygidae? Huadanosaurus Huaxiagnathus Mirischia Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx Compsognathidae? Ornithomimosauria Arkansaurus Aviatyrannis? Calamosaurus? Hexing Kinnareemimus Nedcolbertia Nqwebasaurus Thecocoelurus? Valdoraptor Macrocheiriformes Harpymimus Pelecanimimus Shenzhousaurus Deinocheiridae Beishanlong Deinocheirus Garudimimus Harpymimus? Paraxenisaurus? Tyrannomimus Ornithomimidae Aepyornithomimus Anserimimus Archaeornithomimus "Coelosaurus" Dromiceiomimus Dzharacursor Gallimimus Mexidracon Ornithomimus Qiupalong Rativates Sinornithomimus Struthiomimus Tototlmimus Maniraptora lihat Maniraptora termasuk burung

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