Korban Holokaus adalah orang-orang yang menjadi target pemerintah Jerman Nazi berdasarkan etnis, agama, keyakinan politik, disabilitas, atau orientasi seksual mereka. Praktik yang dilembagakan oleh Nazi untuk memilih dan menganiaya orang-orang mengakibatkan Holokaus, yang dimulai dengan diskriminasi sosial yang dilegalkan terhadap kelompok-kelompok tertentu, rawat inap yang tidak sukarela, eutanasia, dan sterilisasi paksa terhadap orang-orang yang dianggap tidak layak secara fisik atau mental untuk bermasyarakat. Sebagian besar korban rezim Nazi adalah orang Yahudi, orang Sinti-Roma, dan Slavia, tetapi korban juga mencakup orang-orang yang diidentifikasi sebagai orang luar sosial dalam pandangan dunia Nazi, seperti kaum homoseksual, dan musuh politik. Penganiayaan Nazi meningkat selama Perang Dunia II dan meliputi: penahanan non-yudisial, penyitaan properti, kerja paksa, perbudakan seksual, kematian karena kerja berlebihan, eksperimen manusia, kekurangan gizi, dan eksekusi melalui berbagai metode. Untuk kelompok-kelompok tertentu seperti orang Yahudi, genosida adalah tujuan utama Nazi.
Menurut Museum Memorial Holokaus Amerika Serikat (USHMM), Holokaus adalah "penganiayaan dan pembunuhan sistematis, birokratis, yang disponsori negara terhadap enam juta pria, wanita, dan anak-anak Yahudi oleh rezim Nazi dan kaki tangannya".[14]
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ↑ "THE GERMAN ARMY AND THE RACIAL NATURE OF THE WAR AGAINST THE SOVIET UNION". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
- ↑ Berenbaum 2005, hlm. 125.
- ↑ "Polish Resistance and Conclusions". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2018-01-02. Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war. This approximate total includes Poles killed in executions or who died in prisons, forced labor, and concentration camps. It also includes an estimated 225,000 civilian victims of the 1944 Warsaw uprising, more than 50,000 civilians who died during the 1939 invasion and siege of Warsaw, and a relatively small but unknown number of civilians killed during the Allies' military campaign of 1944–45 to liberate Poland.
- ↑ "Project InPosterum: Poland WWII Casualties". www.projectinposterum.org. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 14 November 2017. Diakses tanggal 25 Oktober 2023.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- ↑ "Croatia" (PDF). Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. Yad Vashem.
- ↑ Glišić, Venceslav (12 Januari 2006). "Žrtve licitiranja - Sahrana jednog mita, Bogoljub Kočović". NIN (dalam bahasa Serbia). Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 1 Agustus 2013. Diakses tanggal 8 Mei 2012.
{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- ↑ "The Danish Center for Holocaust and [Genocide Studies]". Holocaust-education.dk. 1939-09-01. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2016-03-03. Diakses tanggal 2015-09-27.
- ↑ "Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies)". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2012. The USHMM places the scholarly estimates at 250,000–500,000. According to Berenbaum 2005, hlm. 126, "serious scholars estimate that between 90,000 and 220,000 were killed under German rule."
- ↑ The number of Slovenes estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation (not including those killed by Slovene collaboration forces and other Nazi allies) is estimated between 20,000 and 25,000 people. This number only includes civilians: Slovene partisan POWs who died and resistance fighters killed in action are not included (their number is estimated at 27,000). These numbers however include only Slovenes from present-day Slovenia: it does not include Carinthian Slovene victims, nor Slovene victims from areas in present-day Italy and Croatia. These numbers are result of a 10-year-long research by the Institute for Contemporary History (Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino) from Ljubljana, Slovenia. The partial results of the research have been released in 2008 in the volume Žrtve vojne in revolucije v Sloveniji (Ljubljana: Institute for Contemporary History, 2008), and officially presented at the Slovenian National Council (
- ↑ "How Many People did the Nazis Murder?". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 17 Mei 2025. Diakses tanggal 2025-05-21.
{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
- ↑ "Spanish Civil War". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (dalam bahasa Inggris). 15,000 Spanish Republicans ended up in Nazi concentration camps after 1940.
Almost 7,000 Catholic priests, monks, and nuns were killed, primarily in the first months of the revolt.
Nazi authorities conscripted Spanish Republicans for forced labor and deported more than 30,000 to Germany, where about half of them ended up in concentration camps. Some 7,000 of these became prisoners in Mauthausen; more than half of them died in the camp.
- ↑ Shulman, William L. A State of Terror: Germany 1933–1939. Bayside, New York: Holocaust Resource Center and Archives.
- ↑ Kay 2021, hlm. 284. sfn error: tanpa target: CITEREFKay2021 (bantuan)
- ↑ "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Daftar pustaka
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Benz, Wolfgang (2015). Dimension des Völkermords: Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus [Dimension of the genocide: the number of Jewish victims of Nazism] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-486-70833-2.
Pranala luar
|
|---|
| Berdasarkan wilayah | |
|---|
Daftar dan
garis waktu | |
|---|
|
|
|
|
- Elemen awal
- Akibat
- Peringatan
|
|---|
|
|
