Rhamphorhynchidae

Rhamphorhynchids Rentang waktu: Early-Late Jurassic, 182–148.5 jtyl PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil specimen of Rhamphorhynchus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Ordo:	†Pterosauria
Klad:	†Novialoidea
Klad:	†Breviquartossa Unwin, 2003
Famili:	†Rhamphorhynchidae Seeley, 1870
Spesies tipe
†Pterodactylus longicaudus Münster, 1839
Subgroups
†Dolicorhamphus †Harpactognathus †Klobiodon †Parapsicephalus †Rhamphorhynchinae †Bellubrunnus[1] †Cacibupteryx †Dorygnathus †Nesodactylus †Orientognathus[2] †Qinglongopterus[3] †Rhamphorhynchus †Angustinaripterini[4] †Angustinaripterus †Dearc †Sericipterus †Scaphognathinae[5] †Fenghuangopterus[6] †Jianchangnathus[7] †Jianchangopterus[8] †Scaphognathus †Sordes?
Sinonim
Scaphognathidae Hooley, 1913

Rhamphorhynchidae adalah sebuah kelompok pterosauria awal yang dinamai setelah Rhamphorhynchus, yang hidup pada periode Jura Akhir. Famili ini dinamai pada 1870 oleh Harry Govier Seeley.^[9] Anggota kelompok memiliki persis 11 pasang gigi di rostrumnya, sebuah jambul deltopektoral yang menyempit di dasarnya namun meluas di ujung distalnya, serta falang melekuk di jari kelimanya.^[10][11]

Rhamphorhynchidae secara tradisional mencakup dua subfamili: Rhamphorhynchinae dan Scaphognathinae. Meski tidak disimpulkan sebagai kladnya masing-masing oleh semua analisis, tampaknya terdapat beberapa ciri yang menyatukan anggota tiap kelompok.^[12][11] Rhamphorhynchines lebih umum dijumpai, bertubuh ramping, dan memiliki rahang yang berujung lancip yang memiliki lebih banyak gigi, yang umumnya mengarah ke depan. Scaphognathinae lebih langka, lebih bayak rangkanya, serta memiliki proporsi sayap yang lebih pendek. Tengkorak berujung lebar famili ini memiliki lebih sedikit gigi yang lebih berjarak dan terorientasi secara vertikal di rahang.^[11]

Referensi

1. ↑ Hone, D. W. E.; Tischlinger, H.; Frey, E.; Röper, M. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "A New Non-Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of Southern Germany". PLOS ONE. 7 (7) e39312. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...739312H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039312. PMC 3390345. PMID 22792168.
2. ↑ Lü, J., Pu, H., Xu, L., Wei, X., ChanG, H., & Kundrát, M. (2015). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur (Pterosauria) from Jurassic deposits of Liaoning Province, China." Zootaxa, 3911(1), 119-129.
3. ↑ Lü, J.; Unwin, D.M.; Zhao, B.; Gao, C. & Shen, C. (2012). "A new rhamphorhynchid (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchidae) from the Middle/Upper Jurassic of Qinglong, Hebei Province, China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3158: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3158.1.1.
4. ↑ Jagielska, N.; O'Sullivan, M.; Funston, G. F.; Butler, I. B.; Challands, T. J.; Clark, N. D. L.; Fraser, N. C.; Penny, A.; Ross, D. A.; Wilkinson, M.; Brusatte, S. L. (2022). "A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs". Current Biology. 32 (6): 1446–1453.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.073. hdl:20.500.11820/fcf08691-f757-4fa7-b6d8-4b794661149c. PMID 35196508. S2CID 247013664.
5. ↑ Unwin, David M. (2006). The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time. New York: Pi Press. hlm. 246. ISBN 978-0-13-146308-0.
6. ↑ Lü Junchang, Fucha, X. and Chen, J. (2010). "A new scaphognathine pterosaur from the Middle Jurassic of western Liaoning, China." Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 31(2): 263-266.
7. ↑ Xin Cheng; Xiaolin Wang; Shunxing Jiang & Alexander W.A. Kellner (2012). "A new scaphognathid pterosaur from western Liaoning, China". Historical Biology. 24: 101–111. doi:10.1080/08912963.2011.635423. S2CID 128539358.
8. ↑ Lü Junchang & Bo Xue (2011). "A New Rhamphorhynchid Pterosaur (Pterosauria) from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 85 (5): 977–983. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00531.x. S2CID 140196879.
9. ↑ Seeley, H.G. (1870). "The Orithosauria: An Elementary Study of the Bones of Pterodactyles." Cambridge, 135 p.
10. ↑ Unwin, David M. (2003-01-01). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs". Geological Society, London, Special Publications (dalam bahasa Inggris). 217 (1): 139–190. Bibcode:2003GSLSP.217..139U. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.11. S2CID 86710955.
11. 1 2 3 Witton, Mark P. (2013). Pterosaurs: natural history, evolution, anatomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4765-5. OCLC 842919760.
12. ↑ Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 383–398. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000303. S2CID 84617119.

l b s Pterosauria
Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Sauropsida Klad: Avemetatarsalia Klad: Pterosauromorpha Avemetatarsalia lihat Avemetatarsalia Pterosauromorpha lihat dibawah↓
Pterosauria Pterosauria Daohugoupterus Preondactylia Austriadactylus Preondactylus Caviramidae? Carniadactylus? Caviramus Raeticodactylus? Austriadraconidae Arcticodactylus? Austriadraco Seazzadactylus Eopterosauria Austriadraco? Peteinosaurus? Preondactylia? Raeticodactylidae Caviramus? Pachagnathus Raeticodactylus Yelaphomte Eudimorphodontidae Arcticodactylus? Carniadactylus? Eudimorphodon Zambellisauria? Peteinosaurus? Macronychoptera Herbstosaurus Dimorphodontidae Allkaruen? Caelestiventus Dimorphodon Parapsicephalus? Peteinosaurus? Rhamphinion? Lonchognatha? Eudimorphodon? Novialoidea Campylognathoididae Bergamodactylus Campylognathoides Rhamphorhynchidae Angustinaripterus Bellubrunnus Cacibupteryx Dearc Dolicorhamphus? Dorygnathus Harpactognathus Klobiodon Nesodactylus Orientognathus Parapsicephalus? Qinglongopterus Rhamphorhynchus Sericipterus Scaphognathidae? Scaphognathidae? Fenghuangopterus Jianchangnathus Jianchangopterus Scaphognathus Sordes? Pterodactylomorpha lihat dibawah↓
Pterodactylomorpha Pterodactylomorpha Allkaruen? Sordes? Monofenestrata Archaeoistiodactylus Melkamter Normannognathus Anurognathidae? Darwinoptera Ceoptera Pterorhynchus Wukongopteridae Archaeoistiodactylus? Cuspicephalus Darwinopterus Douzhanopterus? Kunpengopterus Wukongopterus Pterodactyliformes Changchengopterus? Douzhanopterus Skiphosoura Caelidracones Anurognathidae Anurognathus Batrachognathus Cascocauda Dendrorhynchoides? Jeholopterus? Luopterus Mesadactylus Sinomacrops Vesperopterylus Pterodactyloidea Dermodactylus Eurolimnornis Herbstosaurus? Kryptodrakon Ningchengopterus Pangupterus Propterodactylus Samrukia? Wenupteryx Lophocratia lihat di bawah↓
Lophocratia Archaeopterodactyloidea Prejanopterus Germanodactylidae Altmuehlopterus? Germanodactylus Normannognathus? Tendaguripterus? Euctenochasmatia Diopecephalus Pterodactylus Ctenochasmatoidea Gallodactylidae Aurorazhdarcho? Cycnorhamphus Normannognathus? Petrodactyle? Moganopterinae? Aurorazhdarchia Aerodactylus Gallodactylidae? Aurorazhdarchidae Ardeadactylus? Aurorazhdarcho Huanhepterus? Ctenochasmatidae Ardeadactylus? Balaenognathus Beipiaopterus Cathayopterus Cratonopterus Ctenochasma Elanodactylus Eosipterus Feilongus Forfexopterus Garudapterus Gegepterus Gladocephaloideus Gnathosaurus Huanhepterus? Kepodactylus Liaodactylus Lusognathus Moganopterus Otogopterus Petrodactyle? Plataleorhynchus Pterodaustro Pterofiltrus Spathagnathus Tacuadactylus Eupterodactyloidea Altmuehlopterus? Ornithocheiroidea lihat di bawah↓
Ornithocheiroidea Ornithocheiroidea Piksi? Tapejaroidea Dsungaripteridae Banguela? Domeykodactylus Dsungaripterus Lonchognathosaurus? Noripterus Ordosipterus Puntanipterus? Tendaguripterus? Azhdarchoidea Inabtanin Ornithostoma Tapejaromorpha Bennettazhia Keresdrakon? Thalassodromidae? Alanqa? Argentinadraco? Banguela? Kariridraco Leptostomia? Thalassodromeus Tupuxuara Xericeps? Tapejaridae Afrotapejara Aymberedactylus Bakonydraco? Caiuajara Caupedactylus Eopteranodon? Europejara Huaxiadraco Keresdrakon? Lacusovagus? Nemicolopterus Sinopterus Tapejara Torukjara Tupandactylus Vectidraco Wightia Neoazhdarchia Dsungaripteromorpha? Microtuban Dsungaripteridae Thalassodromidae? Azhdarchomorpha Chaoyangopteridae Apatorhamphus? Chaoyangopterus Eoazhdarcho Jidapterus Lacusovagus? Meilifeilong Microtuban? Shenzhoupterus Azhdarchiformes Montanazhdarcho Radiodactylus Alanqidae? Alanqa Argentinadraco? Keresdrakon? Leptostomia? Montanazhdarcho? Xericeps? Azhdarchidae Aerotitan? Alanqa? Albadraco? Aralazhdarcho Arambourgiania Azhdarcho Cryodrakon Eurazhdarcho? Hatzegopteryx Infernodrakon Mistralazhdarcho? Navajodactylus? Nipponopterus Palaeocursornis Phosphatodraco? Quetzalcoatlus Thanatosdrakon Wellnhopterus? Zhejiangopterus? Pteranodontoidea lihat di bawah↓
Pteranodontoidea Pteranodontoidea Santanadactylus Pteranodontia Pteranodontidae Bogolubovia Dawndraco Pteranodon Tethydraco Volgadraco? Nyctosauromorpha Alamodactylus Cretornis Volgadraco? Aponyctosauria Alcione Epapatelo Simurghia Nyctosauridae Barbaridactylus Muzquizopteryx Nyctosaurus Ornithocheiromorpha Aussiedraco Serradraco Unwindia Lonchodectidae Ikrandraco Lonchodectes Lonchodraco? Lanceodontia Draigwenia Lonchodectidae? Istiodactyliformes Hongshanopterus? Linlongopterus Yixianopterus Lonchodectidae? Mimodactylidae Haopterus Linlongopterus Mimodactylus Istiodactylidae Istiodactylus Liaoxipterus Lingyuanopterus Longchengpterus Luchibang Nurhachius Ornithocheiriformes Barbosania Brasileodactylus Cearadactylus Hamipterus Boreopteridae Boreopterus Zhenyuanopterus Ornithocheirae Ornithocheiridae Aetodactylus? Araripesaurus Arthurdactylus Camposipterus? Caulkicephalus? Cimoliopterus? Coloborhynchus? Draigwenia? Ferrodraco? Guidraco? Haliskia? Ludodactylus? Mythunga? Ornithocheirus Siroccopteryx? Tropeognathus? Uktenadactylus? Targaryendraconia? Saratovia Cimoliopteridae Aetodactylus Camposipterus? Cimoliopterus Targaryendraconidae Aussiedraco? Barbosania? Targaryendraco Anhangueria Brasileodactylus? Ornithocheiridae? Hamipteridae? Hamipterus Iberodactylus Anhangueridae Aerodraco Akharhynchus Anhanguera Amblydectes? Caulkicephalus? Cearadactylus? Coloborhynchus Ferrodraco? Guidraco Haliskia? Liaoningopterus Ludodactylus Maaradactylus Mythunga Nicorhynchus Siroccopteryx? Thapunngaka Tropeognathus Uktenadactylus

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