| Kepresidenan Madras மெட்ராஸ் மாகாணம் మద్రాస్ రాష్ట్రభాగము | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kepresidenan di India Britania | |||||||||||||
| 1652–1950 | |||||||||||||
 Panji daerah | |||||||||||||
 Kepresidenan Madras pada 1913 | |||||||||||||
| Sejarah | |||||||||||||
| Era sejarah | Imperialisme Baru | ||||||||||||
• Didirikan | 1652 | ||||||||||||
• Agensi Benteng St George di Madraspatnam menjadi Kepresidenan Madras | 1684 | ||||||||||||
| 1950 | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
 Peta India kolonial, didistribusikan oleh Layanan Informasi Britania (1942) | |
| India Belanda | 1605–1825 |
|---|---|
| India Denmark | 1620–1869 |
| India Prancis | 1769–1954 |
| Casa da Índia | 1434–1833 |
| Perusahaan India Timur Portugis | 1628–1633 |
| Perusahaan India Timur | 1612–1757 |
| Kekuasaan perusahaan di India | 1757–1858 |
| Kemaharajaan Britania | 1858–1947 |
| Kekuasaan Britania di Burma | 1824–1948 |
| Negara-negara kepangeranan | 1721–1949 |
| Partisi India | 1947 |
Kepresidenan Madras, yang bernama resmi Kepresidenan Benteng St. George dan juga dikenal sebagai Provinsi Madras, adalah sebuah subdivisi administratif (kepresidenan) di India Britania. Pada masa kejayaannya, kepresidenan tersebut meliputi kebanyakan wilayah selatan India, yang meliputi wilayah pada masa sekarang dari negara bagian India Tamil Nadu dan Andhra Pradesh dan sebagian dari Odisha, Kerala dan Karnataka dan wilayah persatuan Lakshadweep. Kota Madras adalah ibu kota musim dingin dari Kepresidenan tersebut dan Ootacamund atau Ooty adalah ibu kota musim panas-nya. Pulau Ceylon menjadi bagian dari Kepresidenan Madras dari 1793 sampai 1798 ketika kepresidenan tersebut dijadikan sebagai koloni mahkota.
Setelah reformasi Montague-Chelmsford pada 1919, Madras menjadi provinsi pertama dari India Britania untuk mengimplementasikan sistem diarki, dan setelah itu Gubernur-nya memerintah bersama dengan seorang perdana menteri. Pada awal dekade abad ke-20, beberapa kontributor signifikan dari gerakan kemerdekaan India berasal dari Madras. Dengan adanya kemerdekaan India pada 15 Agustus 1947, Kepresidenan tersebut dibubarkan. Madras kemudian dijadikan sebagai Negara Bagian Madras, sebuah negara bagian dari India Serikat dan peresmian Republik India pada 26 Januari 1950, dan direorganisir pada 1956.
Asal muasal
Sebelum kedatangan Inggris
Penemuan dolmen-dolmen di wilayah subbenua tersebut menunjukan bahwa wilayah tersebut telah ditinggal sejak awal Zaman Batu. Penguasa berpengaruh pertama dari bagian utara yang kelak menjadi Kepresidenan tersebut adalah dinasti Satawahana Telugu (230 SM - 102 Masehi). Setelah perpecahan kerajaan Satawahana di Andhra dan Chola di Tamil Nadu, negara tersebut ditaklukan suku bangsa ras kecil yang disebut Kalabhra.[1] Negara tersebut kembali ditaklukan dibawah kekuasaan dinasti Pallawa dan peradaban-nya memuncak pada masa kekuasaan Chola dan Pandya. Antara 1685 dan 1947, sejumlah raja menguasai wilayah yang kemudian menjadi bagian dari Kepresidenan Madras.[2]
Sejarah
Artikel utama: Sejarah Kepresidenan Madras
Catatan
- ↑ Iyengar 1929, p. 535
- ↑ Thurston 1913, pp. 138–142
Daftar pustaka
- Publikasi pemerintahan
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{{cite book}}: Ketidakcocokan ISBN / tanggal
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- Mazumdar, Amvika Charan (1917). Indian National Evolution. Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co.
- Newell, Herbert Andrews (1919). Madras, the Birth Place of British India: An Illustrated Guide with Map. The Madras Times Printing and Publishing.
- Pirie, A. H. (1883). Indian Students Geography. Methodist Episcopal Church Press.
- Playne, Somerset; J. W. Bond; Arnold Wright (1914). Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources.
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{{cite book}}: Parameter tidak dikenal|coauthors=diabaikan (|author=disarankan)
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Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Madras Presidency.
Templat:Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania Templat:Tamil Nadu
| Ibu kota |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Distrik | Anantapur · Chittoor · Godavari Barat · Godavari Timur · Guntur · Kadapa · Krishna · Kurnool · Nellore · Prakasam · Srikakulam · Visakhapatnam · Vizianagaram | |
| Kota besar | Anantapur · Adoni · Chittoor · Kadapa · Eluru · Guntur · Kakinada · Kurnool · Machilipatnam · Nandyal · Nellore · Ongole · Proddatur · Ramagundam · Rajahmundry · Sangareddi · Secunderabad · Srikakulam · Tirupati · Vijayawada · Vizianagaram · Visakhapatnam | |
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| Topik | ||
Templat:Topik Chennai 13°05′N 80°16′E / 13.08°N 80.27°E / 13.08; 80.27
| Internasional | |
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