| Drassodes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| D. pubescens | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah  | |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Arthropoda |
| Subfilum: | Chelicerata |
| Kelas: | Arachnida |
| Ordo: | Araneae |
| Infraordo: | Araneomorphae |
| Famili: | Gnaphosidae |
| Genus: | Drassodes Westring, 1851[1] |
| Spesies tipe | |
| D. lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) | |
| Spesies | |
|
157, lihat teks | |
| Sinonim[1] | |
Drassodes adalah sebuah genus laba-laba tanah yang pertamakali dideskripsikan oleh Niklas Westring pada 1851.[5] Warnanya cokelat, kelabu atau merah, dan hidup di bawah kulit pohon atau bebatuan, sebagian besar di habitat kering. Umumnya, panjang mereka 38 hingga 116 milimeter (1,5 hingga 4,6 in),[6] tetapi dapat tumbuh hingga panjang 20 milimeter (0,79 in).
Spesies
- D. adisensis Strand, 1906 – Etiopia
- D. affinis (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
- D. afghanus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
- D. albicans (Simon, 1878) – Laut Tengah
- D. andamanensis Tikader, 1977 – India (Kep. Andaman)
- D. andorranus Denis, 1938 – Andorra
- D. angulus Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – AS
- D. arapensis Strand, 1908 – Peru
- D. archibensis Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Rusia (Kaukasus)
- D. assimilatus (Blackwall, 1865) – Kep. Canary., Cape Verde
- D. astrologus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
- D. auriculoides Barrows, 1919 – AS
- D. auritus Schenkel, 1963 – Rusia (Eropa), Kazakhstan, Tiongkok
- D. bendamiranus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
- D. bicurvatus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
- D. bifidus Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turki
- D. brachythelis (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
- D. braendegaardi Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
- D. cambridgei Roewer, 1951 – India
- D. canaglensis Caporiacco, 1927 – Italia
- D. carinivulvus Caporiacco, 1934 – India
- D. caspius Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turki, Rusia (Eropa, Kaukasus), Kazakhstan
- D. cerinus Simon, 1897 – India
- D. charcoviae (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraina
- D. chybyndensis Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Rusia (Eropa sampai Asia Tengah), Kazakhstan, Iran
- D. clavifemur (Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir)
- D. crassipalpus (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
- D. cupa Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
- D. cupreus (Blackwall, 1834) – Eropa, Kaukasus, Kazakhstan, Rusia (Eropa sampai Timur Jauh)
- D. dagestanus Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Rusia (Kaukasus)
- D. daliensis Yang & Song, 2003 – Tiongkok
- D. delicatus (Blackwall, 1867) – India
- D. deoprayagensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
- D. depilosus Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Jepang
- D. deserticola Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya
- D. difficilis (Simon, 1878) – Spanyol, Prancis, Italia, Turki?
- D. dispulsoides Schenkel, 1963 – Tiongkok
- D. distinctus (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
- D. dregei Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. drydeni Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
- D. ellenae (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Filipina
- D. ereptor Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. falciger Jézéquel, 1965 – Pantai Gading
- D. fedtschenkoi (Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan
- D. fugax (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spanyol, Prancis, Italia, Asia Tengah, Tiongkok
- D. gangeticus Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
- D. gia Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spanyol
- D. gilvus Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
- D. gooldi Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. gosiutus Chamberlin, 1919 – AS, Kanada
- D. gujaratensis Patel & Patel, 1975 – India
- D. hamiger (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
- D. hebei Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Tiongkok
- D. helenae Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. heterophthalmus Simon, 1905 – India
- D. himalayensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
- D. ignobilis Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
- D. imbecillus (L. Koch, 1875) – Etiopia
- D. inermis (Simon, 1878) – Spanyol (Menorca), Prancis
- D. infletus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tiongkok (Yarkand), Rusia (Siberia Selatan), Mongolia
- D. insidiator Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar
- D. insignis (Blackwall, 1862) – Brasil
- D. interemptor (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tiongkok (Yarkand)
- D. interlisus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tiongkok (Yarkand)
- D. interpolator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, Tiongkok (Yarkand)
- D. involutus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tiongkok (Yarkand)
- D. jakkabagensis Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
- D. jiufeng Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – Tiongkok
- D. kaszabi Loksa, 1965 – Rusia (Siberia Selatan), Mongolia
- D. katunensis Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Rusia (Siberia Selatan)
- D. kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
- D. krausi (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
- D. kwantungensis Saito, 1937 – Tiongkok
- D. lacertosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Yunani, Turki, Israel, Suriah
- D. lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) (tipe) – Eropa, Turki, Israel, Kaukasus, Rusia (Eropa to Timur Jauh), Asia Tengah, Tiongkok, Korea, Jepang
- Drassodes l. bidens (Simon, 1878) – Prancis
- D. lapsus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tiongkok (Yarkand)
- D. licenti Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia
- D. lindbergi Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
- D. lividus Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
- D. longispinus Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Rusia (Siberia Selatan, Timur Jauh), Tiongkok, Korea
- D. lophognathus Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. luridus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
- D. luteomicans (Simon, 1878) – Southern Eropa
- D. lutescens (C. L. Koch, 1839) – Laut Tengah, Ukraina, Kaukasus, Rusia (Eropa) to Asia Tengah, Pakistan
- D. lyratus Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. lyriger Simon, 1909 – Etiopia
- D. macilentus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
- D. malagassicus (Butler, 1880) – Madagaskar
- D. mandibularis (L. Koch, 1866) – Rusia (Eropa)
- D. manducator (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar
- D. masculus Tucker, 1923 – Afrika Selatan
- D. mauritanicus Denis, 1945 – Afrika Utara
- D. meghalayaensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
- D. mirus Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Rusia (Timur Jauh), Amerika Utara
- D. montenegrinus (Kulczyński, 1897) – Kroasia, Serbia
- D. monticola (Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
- D. nagqu Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Tiongkok
- D. narayanpurensis Gajbe, 2005 – India
- D. natali Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Rusia (Eropa), Kazakhstan
- D. neglectus (Keyserling, 1887) – Rusia (Siberia Timur ke Tengah, Timur Jauh), North America
- D. nox Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Jepang
- D. nugatorius (Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia
- D. obscurus (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
- D. parauritus Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Tiongkok
- D. paroculus Simon, 1893 – Spanyol
- D. parvidens Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
- D. pashanensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
- D. pectinifer Schenkel, 1936 – Tiongkok
- D. phagduaensis Tikader, 1964 – Nepal
- D. placidulus Simon, 1914 – Prancis
- D. platnicki Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Rusia (Eropa to Siberia Selatan), Mongolia, Tiongkok
- D. prosthesimiformis Strand, 1906 – Etiopia
- D. pseudolesserti Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tiongkok
- D. pubescens (Thorell, 1856) – Eropa, Turki, Israel, Kaukasus, Rusia (Eropa to Timur Jauh), Iran, Asia Tengah, Tiongkok, Jepang
- D. robatus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
- D. rostratus Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Rusia (Eropa), Kazakhstan
- D. rubicundulus Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
- D. rubidus (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spanyol, Prancis, Italia (Sardinia)
- D. rugichelis Denis, 1962 – Madeira
- D. russulus (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Jawa)
- D. saccatus (Emerton, 1890) – North America
- D. saganus Strand, 1918 – Jepang
- D. sagarensis Tikader, 1982 – India
- D. saitoi Schenkel, 1963 – Tiongkok
- D. serratichelis (Roewer, 1928) – Spanyol (Majorca), Yunani, Turki, Ukraina, Israel. Dikenalkan ke AS
- D. serratidens Schenkel, 1963 – Rusia (Siberia Selatan to Timur Jauh), Tiongkok, Korea, Jepang
- D. sesquidentatus Purcell, 1908 – Afrika Selatan
- D. shawanensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Tiongkok
- D. similis Nosek, 1905 – Turki
- D. simplex Kulczyński, 1926 – Rusia (Kamchatka)
- D. simplicivulvus Caporiacco, 1940 – Etiopia
- D. singulariformis Roewer, 1951 – India
- D. sirmourensis (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, Tiongkok
- D. sitae Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
- D. sockniensis (Karsch, 1881) – Libya
- D. solitarius Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. soussensis Denis, 1956 – Maroko
- D. splendens Tucker, 1923 – Afrika Selatan
- D. stationis Tucker, 1923 – Afrika Selatan
- D. sternatus Strand, 1906 – Etiopia
- D. striatus (L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraina
- D. subviduatus Strand, 1906 – Etiopia
- D. taehadongensis Paik, 1995 – Korea
- D. tarrhunensis (Karsch, 1881) – Libya
- D. termezius Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
- D. tesselatus Purcell, 1907 – Afrika Selatan
- D. thaleri Hervé, 2009 – Prancis
- D. thimei (L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan
- D. tikaderi (Gajbe, 1987) – India
- D. tiritschensis Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan
- D. tortuosus Tucker, 1923 – Afrika Selatan
- D. unicolor (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Yunani (Crete), Libya, Mesir, Lebanon, Israel
- D. uritai Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – Tiongkok
- D. venustus (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
- D. villosus (Thorell, 1856) – Eropa, Turki, Asia Tengah, Rusia (Eropa ke Timur Jauh)
- D. viveki (Gajbe, 1992) – India
Referensi
- 1 2 "Gen. Drassodes Westring, 1851". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-04.
- ↑ Ubick, D.; Roth, V. D. (1973). "Nearctic Gnaphosidae including species from adjacent Mexican states". American Arachnology. 9: 1.
- 1 2 3 Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire. hlm. 54.
- ↑ Chatzaki, M.; Thaler, K.; Mylonas, M. (2002). "Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) of Crete and adjacent areas of Yunani. Taxonomy and distribution. II". Revue suisse de Zoologie. 109: 618.
- ↑ Westring, N. (1851). "Förteckning öfver de till närvarande tid Kände, i Sverige förekommande Spindlarter, utgörande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 äro nya för svenska Faunan". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. 2: 25–62.
- ↑ "Genus Drassodes". BugGuide. Diakses tanggal 2019-06-04.