Rokot

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Rokot (Rusia: Рокот berarti Rumble), juga diterjemahkan Rockot, adalah sebuah peluncuran kendaraan ruang angkasa Rusia yang bisa meluncurkan muatan 1.950 kilogram menjadi 200 kilometer orbit tinggi Earth dengan kemiringan 63°. Ini adalah turunan dari rudal balistik antar benua (ICBM) UR-100N (SS-19 Stiletto), disediakan dan dioperasikan oleh Eurockot Launch Services.

Peluncuran pertama kali dimulai pada tahun 1990 dari Kosmodrom Baikonur dari silo. Kemudian peluncuran komersial dimulai dari Kosmodrom Plesetsk menggunakan jalan peluncuran khusus dibangun kembali dari satu untuk roket Kosmos-3M. Biaya peluncur itu sendiri adalah sekitar 15 juta pada tahun 1999;^[1]^[2] Eurockot kontrak terakhir dengan ESA untuk meluncurkan Swarm pada September 2013 adalah senilai € 27.100.000 ($ 36.000.000).^[3]

Tabel peluncuran

Date (UTC)	Type	Launch site	Payload	Payload type	Notes
20 November 1990	Rokot/Briz-K	Ba LC131	–	experimental payload	Suborbital, success
20 December 1991	Rokot/Briz-K	Ba LC175/1	–	experimental payload	Suborbital, success
26 December 1994	Rokot/Briz-K	Ba LC175/1	Radio-ROSTO	Amateur radio satellite	success, first orbital mission
22 December 1999	Rokot/Briz-K	Pl LC133	RSVN-40	experimental payload	no launch, rocket irreparably damaged during preparation
16 May 2000	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133	SimSat-1 and 2	Iridium-mock-ups	success
17 March 2002	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133	GRACE-1 and 2	research satellite	success
20 June 2002	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133	Iridium-97 and 98	communication satellites	success
30 June 2003	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133	MIMOSA, DTUsat, MOST, Cute-I, QuakeSat, AAU CubeSat, CanX-1, Cubesat XI-IV, Monitor-E mockup	NLS satellites and Monitor-E-Mockup	success
30 October 2003	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133	SERVIS-1	Japanese test satellite	success
26 August 2005	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133	Monitor-E1	earth observation satellite	success
8 October 2005	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133	CryoSat	earth observation satellite	failure, launch terminated after 2nd stage main engine was not shut down correctly, resulting in an explosion, causing the vehicle to exceed its flight envelope limit and thereby causing the automatic termination of the launch and the re-entry of the combined Rokot 2nd stage/3rd stage/CryoSat spacecraft stack
28 July 2006	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	KOMPSAT 2	earth observation satellite	success
23 May 2008	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	3 Gonets, and Yubileiny^[4]		success
17 March 2009	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	GOCE	ESA earth observation satellite	success
6 July 2009	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	3 Rodnik (TBC)		success
2 November 2009	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	SMOS, PROBA-2^[5]	SMOS: ESA earth-observation satellite; PROBA-2: sun-observation satellite testing a new spacecraft platform	success
2 June 2010	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	SERVIS-2	Japanese test satellite	success
8 September 2010	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	Gonets-M No.2 Kosmos 2467 Kosmos 2468	Communications satellites	success
1 February 2011	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	Geo-IK-2 No.11	Geodesy satellite	failure, upper stage malfunction, reached lower orbit than planned.
28 July 2012	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	Gonets M-3 Gonets M-4 Kosmos 2481 MiR	Communications satellites	success
15 January 2013	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	Kosmos 2482 Kosmos 2483 Kosmos 2484	Communications satellites	success
11 September 2013	Rokot/Briz-KM	Pl LC133/3	Gonets M-5 Gonets M-6 Gonets M-7	Communications satellites	success

Referensi

↑ Harvey, Brian (2007). "Launchers and engines". The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program (Edisi 1st). Germany: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-71354-0.
↑ "Rokot". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Diakses tanggal 16 September 2013.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
↑ Stephen Clark (12 September 2013). "Rockot launch clears way for long-delayed ESA mission". SpaceFlightNow.com. Diakses tanggal 16 September 2013.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
↑ "Russia launches relay craft, commemorative satellite". Spaceflight Now.
↑ "Eurockot Launch Service Provider". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2009-01-26. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-17.

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Rockot.

www.eurockot.com Website of Eurockot Launch Service Provider
www.russianspaceweb.com/rockot.html Rockot history
Space.com article on CryoSat launch failure

l b s Sistem peluncur orbital
Daftar sistem peluncur orbital
Beroperasi	Angara A5 Antares 230+ Ariane 5 Atlas V Delta IV Heavy Electron Epsilon Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy GSLV Mk II Mk III H-IIA Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A Kaituozhe 2 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 6 7 7A 11 Minotaur I IV V C OS-M1 Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qased Safir Shavit Simorgh Soyuz-2 (roket) 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v Unha Vega Zenit 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque-1
Dalam pengembangan	Angara 1.2 Ariane 6 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Eris Firefly Alpha Beta H3 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 11 21 31 LauncherOne Long March 8 9 Miura 5 New Glenn New Line 1 Nuri OmegA OS-M2 OS-M4 Orbex Prime SLS Soyuz-7 SSLV Starship Terran 1 Vector-H Vector-R Vega C Vega E Vulcan Zero Zhuque-2
Pensiun	Al-Abid Antares 110/120/130/230 Ariane 1 2 3 4 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV Diamant Dnepr Energia Europa Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M Lambda 4S Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan Pilot^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Saturn I IB V Scout SLV SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Thor Able Ablestar Agena Burner Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon 2 3 4 Universal Roket Pesawat ulang-alik UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M
Kelas roket	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
Simbol ^† mengindikasikan bahwa proyek dibatalkan sebelum mencapai orbit sekalipun