Untuk negara di masa lalu yang dipimpin secara langsung oleh Paus, lihat Negara Gereja.
Negara Kristen adalah sebuah negara yang mengakui sebuah bentuk Kekristenan sebagai agama resminya dan sering memiliki sebuah gereja negara,[1] yang merupakan sebuah denominasi Kristen yang mendukung pemerintah dan didukung oleh pemerintah.[2] Dalam sejarah, negara Armenia,[3] Aksum,[4] Georgia,[5] serta Kekaisaran Romawi dan Kekaisaran Bizantium mendeklarasikan negaranya sendiri sebagai negara Kristen.[6][7] Saat ini, beberapa negara secara resmi mengidentifikasikan negaranya sendiri sebagai negara Kristen dan/atau memiliki gereja negara, yakni Kosta Rika,[8] Denmark,[9] Inggris,[10] Yunani,[11] Islandia,[12] Liechtenstein,[13] Monako,[14] Tonga,[15] Tuvalu,[16] Vatican City,[17] dan Zambia.[18] Negara Kristen kontras dengan negara sekuler,[19] negara ateis,[20] atau negara agama lainnya, seperti negara Islam.[21]
Referensi
- ↑ Backhouse, Stephen (7 Juli 2011). Kierkegaard's Critique of Christian Nationalism (dalam bahasa English). Oxford University Press. hlm. 60. ISBN 9780199604722. ...it is only as an established institution that the Church can fully preserve and promote Christian tradition to the nation. One cannot have a Christian state without a state Church.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) - ↑ Eberle, Edward J. (28 Februari 2013). Church and State in Western Society: Established Church, Cooperation and Separation (dalam bahasa English). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. hlm. 6. ISBN 9781409497806. Under the established church approach, the government will assist the state church and likewise the church will assist the government. Religious education is mandated by law to be taught in all schools, public or private.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=memerlukan|url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) - ↑ Milman, Henry Hart; Murdock, James (1887). The History of Christianity. A. C. Armstrong & Son. hlm. 258. But while Persia fiercely repelled Christianity from its frontier, upon that frontier arose a Christian state. Armenia was the first country which embraced Christianity as the religion of the King, the nobles, and the people.
- ↑ Ching, Francis D. K.; Jarzombek, Mark M.; Prakash, Vikramaditya (13 Desember 2010). A Global History of Architecture. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 213. ISBN 9780470402573. In the 4th century, King Ezana converted to Christianity and declared Aksum a Christian state—the first Christian state in the history of the world.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1 Januari 1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires (dalam bahasa English). Greenwood Publishing Group. hlm. 242. ISBN 9780313274978. Kartli became a Christian state under King Mirian in 337.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=memerlukan|url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Ashby, Warren (4 Juli 2010). A Comprehensive History Of Western Ethics. Prometheus Books. hlm. 152. ISBN 9781615926947. In the Edict of Thessalonica (380) he expressed the imperial "desire" that all Roman citizens should become Christians, the emperor adjudging all other madmen and ordering them to be designated as heretics,...condemned as such...to suffer divine punishment, and, therewith, the vengeance of that power, which we, by celestial authority, have assumed. There was thus created the "Christian State."
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Frucht, Richard C. (2004). Eastern Europe. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 627. ISBN 9781576078006. In contrast, the emperor Justinian (527–565) refashioned the eastern part of the Roman Empire into a strong and dynamic Byzantine Empire, which claimed Dalmatia, among other provinces. The Byzantine Empire became the world's predominant Christian state, based on Roman law, Greek culture, and the Greek language.
- ↑ Yakobson, Alexander; Rubinstein, Amnon (2009). Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation-state and Human Rights. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 215. ISBN 9780415464413. Thus the Constitution of Costa Rica, which is considered a model of stable democracy in Latin America, states in Article 75: The Catholic and Apostolic Religion is the religion of the State, which contributes to its maintenance, without preventing the free exercise in the Republic of other forms of worship that are not opposed to universal morality or good customs.
- ↑ Shadid, W. A. R. (1 Januari 1995). Religious Freedom and the Position of Islam in Western Europe. Peeters Publishers. hlm. 11. ISBN 9789039000656. Denmark has declared the Evangelical Lutheran church to be that national church (par. 4 of the Constitution), which corresponds the fact that 91.5% of the population are registered members of this church. This declaration implies that the Danish State does not take a neutral stand in religious matters. Nevertheless, freedom of religion has been incorporated in the Constitution. Nielsen (1992, 77) gives a short description of the position of the minority religious communities in comparison to that of the State Church: The Lutheran established church is a department of the state. Church affairs are government by a central government ministry, and clergy are government employees. The registration of births, deaths and marriages falls under this ministry of church affairs, and normally speaking the local Lutheran pastor is also the official registrar. The other small religious communities, viz. Roman Catholics, Methodists, Baptists and Jews, have the constitutional status of 'recognised communities of faith'. ... Contrary to the minority religious communities, the Lutheran Church is fully financed by the Danish State.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Joppke, Christian (3 Mei 2013). Veil. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 1. ISBN 9780745658575.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Jiang, Qing (2012). A Confucian Constitutional Order. Princeton University Press. hlm. 221. ISBN 9780691154602. The features of the state affect the essence of the state, but the key term is that of historical identity, hence this chapter concentrates on historical identity as the essence of the state, though at times some of the other features will also be referred to. For instance, ancient Greece has now become an Orthodox Christian state. Ancient Persia (Iran) has now become a Muslim state, and the ancient Buddhist states of the Silk Route have also become Islamic states.
- ↑ Melton, J. Gordon (1 Januari 2005). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 283. ISBN 9780816069835.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Fox, Jonathan (19 Mei 2008). A World Survey of Religion and the State. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 119. ISBN 9781139472593. Liechtenstein's constitution designates the Catholic Church as the state Church and guarantees religious freedom. Article 38 provides protection for the property rights of all religious institutions and states that "the administration of church property in the parishes shall be regulated by a specific law; the agreement of church authorities shall be sought before the law is enacted." Article 16 states that religious instruction in public schools "shall be given by church authorities."
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ CONSTITUTION DE LA PRINCIPAUTE di Wayback Machine(diarsipkan September 27, 2011) (French): Art. 9, Principaute De Monaco: Ministère d'Etat (archived from the original on 27 September 2011).
- ↑ Fodor's (12 Februari 1986). Fodor's South Pacific. Fodor's. ISBN 9780679013075. As King George I of Tonga, Tupou created the "modern" Christian state with the Cross dominating its flag, and with the rigorous constitutional clause regulating observation of the Sabbath.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Temperman, Jeroen (2010). State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law. Brill Academic Publishers. hlm. 18. ISBN 9789004181489. The Constitution of Tuvalu in a similar vein constitutes Tuvalu as "an independent State based on Christian principles...and Tuvaluan custom and tradition"; and also the Constitution of Vanuatu proclaims in its Preamble: "[we] HEREBY proclaim the establishment of the united and free Republic of Vanuatu founded on traditional Melanesian values, faith in God, and Christian principles..."
- ↑ Temperman, Jeroen (2010). State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law. Brill Academic Publishers. hlm. 18. ISBN 9789004181489. The Catholic State of Vatican City is, of course, the best contemporary example of a Christian state. The State of Vatican City, originally established by the Lateran Pacts of 1929, approximates most faithfully the ideal-typical conception of theocratic Roman Catholic state. The Pope is ex officio simultaneously leader of the Catholic Church as well as Head of State and Head of the Government of the State of the Vatican City; he also possesses (de jure) absolute authority over the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Practically all acts and policies of the Vatican City revolve around the interests of the Holy See and, apart from the members of the Pontifical Swiss Guard, virtually all inhabitants of the Vatican City are members of the clergy.
- ↑ Jenkins, Philip (11 Agustus 2011). The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. Oxford University Press. hlm. 187. ISBN 9780199911530.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Boer, Roland (8 Juni 2012). Criticism of Earth: On Marx, Engels and Theology (dalam bahasa English). Brill Academic Publishers. hlm. 168. ISBN 9789004225589. Yet what is intriguing about this argument is that this modern secular state arises from, or is the simultaneous realisation and negation of, the Christian state.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=memerlukan|url=Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) - ↑ Marx, Karl; McLellan, David (2000). Karl Marx: Selected Writings (dalam bahasa English). Oxford University Press. hlm. 55. ISBN 9780198782650. Diakses tanggal 16 Oktober 2015. Indeed, it is not the so-called Christian state, that one that recognizes Christianity as its basis, as the state religion, and thus adopts an exclusive attitude to other religions, that is the perfected Christian state, but rather the atheist state, the ...
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) - ↑ Sjoberg, Laura (1 Januari 2006). Gender, Justice, and the Wars in Iraq (dalam bahasa English). Lexington Books. hlm. 24. ISBN 9780739116104. Diakses tanggal 16 Oktober 2015. Just as Christian just war theory justified the actions of the Christian state, Islamic jihad theory began with the founding of the Islamic state.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
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