Humanisme Renaisans

Humanisme
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Humanisme Renaisans adalah sekumpulan ajaran intelektual Yunani dan Romawi yang awalnya muncul di Italia, dan kemudian menyebar di Eropa.^[1] Ajaran ini berkembang selama abad ke-14 dan ke-15, dan merupakan tanggapan terhadap pendidikan skolastik abad pertengahan yang menekankan studi praktikal, pra-profesional, dan ilmiah. Skolastisisme berupaya mempersiapkan murid untuk menjadi dokter, pengacara, atau teolog profesional, dan pengejaran dilakukan melalui buku logika, filsafat, kedokteran, hukum, dan teknologi,^[2] sementara para humanis berupaya agar rakyat (sering kali termasuk perempuan) mampu berbicara dan menulis dengan lancar dan jelas dan maka mampu terlibat dalam kehidupan komunitas mereka dan meyakinkan orang lain untuk melakukan tindakan yang saleh dan bijaksana. Hal ini dicapai melalui studi studia humanitatis, yang kini dikenal dengan nama humaniora: tata bahasa, retorika, sejarah, puisi, dan filsafat moral.^[3]

Pusat humanisme yang penting pada masa itu adalah Florence, Naples, Roma, Venesia, Mantua, Ferrara, dan Urbino.

Contoh humanisme Eropa

↑ Nicholas Mann "The Origins of Humanism", Cambridge Companion to Humanism, Jill Kraye, editor [Cambridge University Press, 1996], hal. 1–2).
↑ Craig W. Kallendorf, introduction to Humanist Educational Treatises, edited and translated by Craig W. Kallendorf (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London England: The I Tatti Renaissance Library, 2002) hal. vii.
↑ Paul Oskar Kristeller, Renaissance Thought II: Papers on Humanism and the Arts (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), p. 178. See also Kristeller's Renaissance Thought I, "Humanism and Scholasticism In the Italian Renaissance", Byzantion 17 (1944–45), pp. 346–74. Reprinted in Renaissance Thought (New York: Harper Torchbooks), 1961.

Bacaan lanjut

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