Dynamis

Dynamis, dijuluki Philoromaios (bahasa Yunani:Δύναμις Φιλορωμαῖος, Dynamis, sahabat Roma, skt. 67 SM – 8 M), merupakan seorang ratu klien Kerajaan Bosporos selama Republik Romawi Akhir dan bagian dari rezim Augustus, Kaisar Romawi pertama. Dynamis dalam bahasa Yunani kuno berarti “yang kuat”.^[1] Ia adalah seorang penguasa keturunan Iran dan Makedonia Yunani. Ia merupakan putri dari Raja Farnakes II dari Pontos dan istri Sarmatianya.^[2] Ia memiliki seorang kakanda bernama Darius dan seorang adik laki-laki bernama Arsakes.^[3] Kakek neneknya dari pihak ayahandanya adalah penguasa Kerajaan Pontos, Mithridates VI dari Pontos dan istri pertamanya Laodike, yang juga adalah saudarinya. Dynamis menikah tiga kali. Suami-suaminya adalah Asander, seorang pria bernama Scribonius dan Polemon I dari Pontos. Menurut Rostovtzeff, ia juga memiliki suami keempat yang bernama Aspurgos.

Lihat pula

Kerajaan Bosporos

Catatan

↑ Mayor, The Poison King, p. 345.
↑ Mayor, The Poison King, p. 362.
↑ Gabelko, O,. L., The dynastic history of the Hellenistic monarchies of Asia Minor according to the Chronography of George Synkellos, p. 48

Referensi

Sumber pertama

Appian, The Civil Wars, Penguin Classics, 1996; ISBN 978-0140445091
Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 5, Books 46-50 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674990913
Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 6, Books 51-55 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674990920
Strabo, Geography, vol. 5, Books 10-12 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674992337

Sumber kedua

Braund, D., Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, Palgrave Macmillan, 1984; ISBN 978-0312692100; Kindle Edition, Routledge, 2014; ASIN: B00JKEYVK2
Gabelko, O. L., (2009). "The dynastic history of the Hellenistic monarchies of Asia Minor according to the "Chronography" of George Synkellos". Dalam Højte, L. M., (ed.), (ed.). Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom. Black Sea Studies. Vol. Vol. 9. Aarhus University Press. Diakses tanggal 2015-03-03.{{cite book}}: |volume= memiliki teks tambahanPemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: daftar penulis (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanda baca tambahan (link) ISBN 978-8779344433
Gajdukevic, V., Das bosporanische Reich, Akademie-Vlg. in AG mit Hermann Böhlaus Nachf. Berlin/Köln, 1971; ISBN 978-3050004259
Kersley, R. A., Women and Public Life in Imperial Asia Minor, in Tsetskhladze, G. R., (ed.), Ancient West & East, Vol 4, No.1, BRILL, 2010; ISBN 978-9004141766
Macurdy, G., Vassal - Queens and Some Contemporary Women in the Roman Empire, Johns Hopkins Press, 1937; ASIN: B000WUFYY0
Mayor, A., (2009), The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy, Princeton University Press. ASIN: B003V5WKPE
Minns, E., H., (2011) Scythians and Greeks, A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus, Cambridge Library Collection – Archaeology, Cambridge University Press; reissue edition, 2011 (original edition 1913); ISBN 978-1108024877
Rose, C. B., "Princes" and Barbarians on the Ara Pacis, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 94, No. 3 (July 1990), pp. 453–467 ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Rostovtzeff, M., Queen Dynamis of Bosporus, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 39 (1919), pp. 88–109
Smith, W., (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, articles on Asander , Pharnaces II , Polemon I ; Scribonius
Sullivan, R.D., Dynasts in Pontus, ANRW II 7.2 (1980) pp. 919–20;
Salisbury, J. E., (2001). Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world, illustrated edition. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-092-5.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: daftar penulis (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanda baca tambahan (link)
Syme, R., (1995). Anatolica: studies in Strabo. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814943-3.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: daftar penulis (link)
Ustinova. Y., (1998). The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World). BRILL (1770). ISBN 978-9004112315.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanda baca tambahan (link)

Pranala luar

A picture of a Bronze Bust of Dynamis on page 90 from the Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world. In this picture Dynamis, is wearing a Royal Persian Headdress called the Tiara Orthe, covered with stars. In Dynamis’ portrait, she may have imitated one of Livia’s hairstyles.
"Ancient Coinage of Bosporos, Kings". Ancient Coins: Roman, Greek, Byzantine and Celtic Numismatic Reference for Attribution and Values. WildWinds Ltd. Diakses tanggal 2015-03-19.

l b s Penguasa era Helenistik
Argeadai	Filipus II dari Makedonia Aleksander III yang Agung Filipus III Arrhidaeus Aleksander IV Aegus
Antigonidai	Antigonos I Monophthalmos Demetrios I Poliorcetes Antigonos II Gonatas Demetrios II Aitolikos Antigonos III Doson Filipus V Perseus Filipos VI (pretender)
Lagid (Ptolemaios)	Ptolemaios I Soter Ptolemaios Keraunos Ptolemaios II Philadelphos Ptolemaios III Euergetes Ptolemaios IV Philopator Ptolemaios V Epiphanes Kleopatra I (pemangku takhta) Ptolemaios VI Philometor Ptolemaios VII Neos Philopator Kleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemaios VIII Physkon Kleopatra III Ptolemaios IX Lathyros Ptolemaios X Alexandros Berenike III Ptolemaios XI Alexandros Ptolemaios XII Auletes Kleopatra V Kleopatra VI Berenike IV Ptolemaios XIII Theos Philopator Ptolemaios XIV Kleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemaios XV Caesarion
Raja-raja Kirene	Magas Dimitrios Ptolemaios VIII Physkon Ptolemaios Apion
Seleukia	Seleukos I Nikator Antiokhos I Soter Antiokhos II Theos Seleukos II Kallinikos Seleukos III Soter Antiokhos yang Agung Seleukos IV Filopator Antiokhos IV Epifanes Antiokhos V Eupator Demetrios I Soter Alexandros Balas Demetrios II Nikator Antiokhos VI Dionysos Diodotos Tryphon Antiokhos VII Sidetes Aleksander II Zabinas Seleukos V Filomitor Antiokhos VIII Grypos Antiokhos IX Kyzikinos Seleukos VI Epifanis Antiokhos X Eusebes Antiokhos XI Epifanis Demetrius III Eukaerus Filipos I Filadelfus Antiokhos XII Dionisos Seleukos VII Filomitor Antiokhos XIII Asiaticus Filipos II Filoromaios
Lysimakhos	Lysimakhos Ptolemaios Epigonos
Antipatridai	Kassandros Filipus IV Alexandros V Antipatros II Antipatros Etesias Sosthenes
Attalidon	Philetairos Eumenes I Atalos I Eumenes II Attalus II Attalos III Eumenes III
Yunani-Baktria	Diodotos I Diodotos II Euthydimos I Demetrios I Euthydimos II Antimakhos I Pantaleon Agathoklis Demetrios II Eukraditis I Plato Eukraditis II Heliokles I
Yunani-India	Demetrios I Antimakhos I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotos I Demetrios II Antimakhos II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Straton I Antialkidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Epiphanes Soter Demetrios III Aniketos Filoxenos Diomedes Amyntas Epandros Theofilos Peukolaos Thrason Nikias Menandros II Artemidoros Aniketos Hermaios Soter Archebios Telephos Euergetes Apollodotos II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Straton II Straton III
Raja-raja Bitinia	Boteiras Bas Zipoites I Nikomedes I Zipoites II Etazeta (pemangku takhta) Ziaelas Prousias I Prousias II Nikomedes II Nikomedes III Nikomedes IV Sokrates Christos
Raja-raja Pontos	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsakes Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II
Raja-raja Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiokhos I Mithridates II Antiokhos II Mithridates III Antiokhos III Antiokhos IV
Raja-raja Kapadokia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Arkhelaos
Raja-raja Bosporos Kimmeria	Pairisades I Satyros II Prytanis dari Bosporos Eumelos dari Bosporos Spartokos III Hygiainon (pemangku takhta) Pairisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V Pairisades III Pairisades IV Philometor Pairisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander dengan Dynamis Mithridates II Asander dengan Dynamis Scribonius berupaya memerintah dengan Dynamis Dynamis dengan Polemon Polemon dengan Pythodorida Aspourgos Mithridates III dengan Gepaepyris Mithridates III Kotys I
Penguasa Helenistik didahului oleh para Satrap Helenistik di sebagian besar wilayah mereka.