Operasi Ezra dan Nehemia

Eksodus Yahudi dari negara-negara Arab dan Muslim
Komunitas
Mizrahi (Persia, Baghdad) Sefardim Yaman
Latar belakang
Yahudi di bawah kekuasaan Muslim Utsmaniyah Yishuv Lama Antisemitisme di dunia Arab Holokaus di Libya Farhud Zionisme Konflik Arab–Israel Perang Arab–Israel 1948 Krisis Suez Perang Enam Hari Perang Aljazair
Peristiwa utama
Permadani Terbang (Yaman) Ezra dan Nehemia (Irak) Eksodus Lebanon Eksodus Mesir Eksodus Maroko Operasi Yachin Pied-Noir (Aljazair) Hari Pembalasan (Libya) Eksodus Yahudi Iran
Pemukiman ulang
Pola acu HIAS • Mossad LeAliyah Bet • JDC Yahudi Mizrahi di Israel Iran • Irak • Kurdi • Maroko Suriah • Turki • Yaman Kamp transisi Kamp imigran Kota pengembangan Austeritas Yahudi Afrika Utara di Prancis
Advokasi
Hari Peringatan JIMENA JJAC WOJAC The Forgotten Refugees
Topik terkait
Yahudi Arab Musta'arabi Yahudi Maghrebi Yahudi Berber
l b s

Dari 1951 sampai 1952, Operasi Ezra dan Nehemia menerbangkan antara 120.000 dan 130.000 Yahudi Irak ke Israel^[1][2] melewati Iran dan Siprus. Imigrasi masif Yahudi Irak adalah peristiwa paling klimatik dari eksodus Yahudi dari negara-negara Arab dan Muslim.

Operasi tersebut diambil dari nama Ezra dan Nehemia, yang memimpin bangsa Yahudi dari pengasingan di Babilonia untuk kembali ke Israel pada abad ke-5 SM, seperti yang tercatat dalam kitab-kitab Alkitab Ibrani yang menyebut nama-nama mereka.

Referensi

1. ↑ Pasachoff & Littman 2005, hlm. 301
2. ↑ "Operations Ezra & Nechemia: The Aliyah of Iraqi Jews". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Diakses tanggal Juni 27, 2008.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

Sumber

• Bashkin, Orit (2012). New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-8201-2.
• Ben-Porat, Mordechai (1998). To Baghdad and Back: The Miraculous 2,000 Year Homecoming of the Iraqi Jews. Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 9789652291950.
• Black, Ian (1991). Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3286-4.
• Eriş, Mahir Ünsal; Yahudileri, Kürt (2006). Din, Dil, Tarih, (Kurdish Jews) (dalam bahasa Turkish). Ankara, TR: Kalan Publishing.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
• Gat, Moshe (2013). The Jewish exodus from Iraq : 1948-1951. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 9780714642239. OCLC 833072860.
• Hakohen, Devorah (2003). Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and After. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-2990-0.
• Hillel, Shlomo (1987). Operation Babylon : The Story of the Rescue of the Jews of Iran. Diterjemahkan oleh Friedman, Ina. Doubleday. ISBN 9780385235976. OCLC 966124447.
• Hirst, David (2003). The gun and the olive branch: the roots of violence in the Middle East. Nation Books. ISBN 1-56025-483-1. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-05.
• Kirkbride, Alec (1976). From the Wings: Amman Memoirs, 1947-1951. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780714630618.
• Marqusee, Mike (2010). If I am not for myself : journey of an anti-Zionist Jew (Edisi 2nd). Verso Books. ISBN 9781844674350. OCLC 467772291.
• Meir-Glitzenstein, Esther (2004). Zionism in an Arab Country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76862-1.
• Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. (2005). ""Operation Magic Carpet" and "Operation Ezra and Nehemiah"". A Concise History of the Jewish People. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742543669. Diakses tanggal Juni 28, 2008.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
• Rogan, Eugene L.; Shlaim, Avi (2001). The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79476-3.
• Shenhav, Yehouda (1999). "The Jews of Iraq, Zionist Ideology, and the Property of the Palestinian Refugees of 1948: An Anomaly of National Accounting". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 31 (4): 605–630. doi:10.1017/s0020743800057111. ISSN 1471-6380.
• Shiblak, Abbas (1986). The lure of Zion : the case of the Iraqi Jews. Al Saqi Books. ISBN 9780863560330. OCLC 16711193.
• Shiblak, Abbas (2005). Iraqi Jews: A history. Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-504-5.
• Simon, Reeva; Laskier, Michael; Reguer, Sara (2003). The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231507592. OCLC 614998544.
• Somekh, Sasson (2007). Baghdad, yesterday: The making of an Arab Jew. Ibis Editions. ISBN 9789659012589. OCLC 891546268.
• Szulc, Tad (1991). The Secret Alliance: The Extraordinary Story of the Rescue of the Jews Since World War II. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-24946-5.
• Tovy, Jacob (2014). Israel and the Palestinian Refugee Issue: The Formulation of a Policy, 1948–1956. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-81077-3.
• Tripp, Charles (2002). A History of Iraq (dalam bahasa Inggris) (Edisi Revised). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521529006.

Pranala luar

• To Baghdad and Back – Book review from Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center web site
• Iraqi Jews who left Baghdad in the 1960's and 1970's – Jews who chose to stay in Iraq during Operation Ezrah and Nehamiah
• ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} The Jews of Iraq By Naeim Giladi.
• The Forgotten Refugees: the causes of the post-1948 Jewish Exodus from Arab Countries (focuses on Iraq)

Basis data pengawasan otoritas: Nasional	Israel