| Salamander asia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hynobius fossigenus | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah  | |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Kelas: | Amphibia |
| Ordo: | Urodela |
| Famili: | Hynobiidae Cope, 1859 |
| Genera | |
|
Hynobius | |
Salamander asia (famili Hynobiidae) adalah kelompok salamander primitif yang ditemukan di seluruh Asia dan Rusia Eropa. Kelompok ini berkerabat dekat dengan salamander raksasa (famili Cryptobranchidae), dengannya kelompok ini membentuk subordo Cryptobranchoidea. Sekitar setengah dari salamander hynobiid yang kini dideskripsikan endemik ke Jepang, tetapi persebarannya juga meliput sebagian Tiongkok, Rusia, Afghanistan dan Iran.[1][2]
Salamander jenis ini memiliki ciri fertilisasi eksternal, dimana sel jantan dan betina dilepas ke air. Tidak seperti famili-famili lainnya yang bereproduksi secara internal, salamander asia jantan berfokus pada kantung telur, alih-alih betina, saat kawin.[3] Betina menelurkan dua kantung telur setiap kawin, masing-masing berisi hingga 70 telur. Perawatan oleh induk lumrah di kelompok ini.[4]
Beberapa spesies memiliki paru-paru yang sangat mengecil atau tidak ada sama sekali. Larvanya terkadang memiliki insang eksternal kecil bila mereka hidup di perairan dingin dan kaya akan oksigen.[5]
Fosil-fosil Hynobiidae diketahui dari Miosen hingga kini di Asia dan Eropa Timur, tetapi fosil cryptobranchoid yang lebih berkerabat dekat ke Hynobiidae dibandingkan dengan salamander raksasa berusia hingga ke Jura Tengah.[6]
Speises
Saat ini, terdapat 100 spesies yang diketahui. Genus-genus ini membentuk famili Hynobiidae:
Subfamili Hynobiinae
- Genus Afghanodon
- Afghanodon mustersi (Smith, 1940)
- Genus Batrachuperus (salamander air tiongkok)
- Batrachuperus karlschmidti Liu, 1950
- Batrachuperus londongensis Liu and Tian, 1978
- Batrachuperus pinchonii (David, 1872)
- Batrachuperus tibetanus Schmidt, 1925
- Batrachuperus yenyuanensis Liu, 1950
- Genus Hynobius - (Salamander asia)
- Hynobius abei Sato, 1934
- Hynobius abuensis Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2019
- Hynobius akiensis Matsui, Okawa, and Nishikawa, 2019
- Hynobius amabensis Sugawara and Nagano, 2023
- Hynobius amakusaensis Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
- Hynobius amjiensis Gu, 1992
- Hynobius arisanensis Maki, 1922
- Hynobius bakan Matsui, Okawa, and Nishikawa, 2019
- Hynobius bambusicolus Wang, Othman, Qiu and Borzée, 2023
- Hynobius boulengeri (Thompson, 1912)
- Hynobius chinensis Günther, 1889
- Hynobius dunni Tago, 1931
- Hynobius formosanus Maki, 1922
- Hynobius fossigenus Okamiya, Sugawara, Nagano, and Poyarkov, 2018
- Hynobius fucus Lai and Lue, 2008
- Hynobius geiyoensis Sugawara, Naito, Iwata, and Nagano, 2022
- Hynobius geojeensis Min and Borzée, 2021
- Hynobius glacialis Lai and Lue, 2008
- Hynobius guabangshanensis Shen, 2004
- Hynobius guttatus Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019
- Hynobius hidamontanus Matsui, 1987
- Hynobius hirosei Lantz, 1931
- Hynobius ikioi Matsui, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2017
- Hynobius iwami Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2019
- Hynobius katoi Matsui, Kokuryo, Misawa, and Nishikawa, 2004
- Hynobius kimurae Dunn, 1923
- Hynobius kuishiensis Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019
- Hynobius kunibiki Sugawara, Iwata, Yamashita, and Nagano, 2021
- Hynobius leechii Boulenger, 1887
- Hynobius lichenatus Boulenger, 1883
- Hynobius maoershanensis Zhou, Jiang, and Jiang, 2006
- Hynobius mikawaensis Matsui, Misawa, Nishikawa, and Shimada, 2017
- Hynobius miyazakiensis Sugawara, Nagano, and Sueyoshi, 2023
- Hynobius naevius (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)
- Hynobius nagatoensis Sugawara, Tahara, Matsukoji, and Nagano, 2022
- Hynobius nebulosus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)
- Hynobius nigrescens Stejneger, 1907
- Hynobius nihoensis Sugawara, Nagano, and Nakazono, 2022
- Hynobius notialis Min and Borzée, 2021
- Hynobius okiensis Sato, 1940
- Hynobius oni Kanamori, Nishikawa, Matsui, and Tanabe, 2022
- Hynobius osumiensis Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
- Hynobius oyamai Tominaga, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2019
- Hynobius owariensis Sugawara, Fujitani, Seguchi, Sawahata, and Nagano, 2022
- Hynobius perplicatus Min and Borzée, 2021
- Hynobius quelpaertensis Mori, 1928
- Hynobius retardatus Dunn, 1923
- Hynobius sematonotos Tominaga, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2019
- Hynobius sengokui Matsui, Misawa, Yoshikawa, and Nishikawa, 2022
- Hynobius setoi Matsui, Tanabe, and Misawa, 2019
- Hynobius setouchi Matsui, Okawa, Tanabe, and Misawa, 2019
- Hynobius shinichisatoi Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
- Hynobius sonani (Maki, 1922)
- Hynobius stejnegeri Dunn, 1923
- Hynobius sumidai Sugawara, Naito, Iwata, and Nagano, 2022
- Hynobius takedai Matsui and Miyazaki, 1984
- Hynobius tokyoensis Tago, 1931
- Hynobius tosashimizuensis Sugawara, Watabe, Yoshikawa, and Nagano, 2018
- Hynobius tsuensis Abé, 1922
- Hynobius tsurugiensis Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019
- "Hynobius" turkestanicus Nikolskii, 1910
- Hynobius unisacculus Min, Baek, Song, Chang, and Poyarkov, 2016
- Hynobius utsunomiyaorum Matsui and Okawa, 2019
- Hynobius vandenburghi Dunn, 1923
- Hynobius yangi Kim, Min, and Matsui, 2003
- Hynobius yiwuensis Cai, 1985
- Genus Liua (Salamander wushan)
- Liua shihi (Liu, 1950)
- Liua tsinpaensis (Liu and Hu, 1966)
- Genus Pachyhynobius (salamander bayak)
- Pachyhynobius shangchengensis Fei, Qu, and Wu, 1983
- Genus Paradactylodon (salamander air timur tengah)
- Paradactylodon persicus (Eiselt and Steiner, 1970)
- Genus Pseudohynobius
- Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus (Hu and Fei, 1978)
- Pseudohynobius guizhouensis Li, Tian, and Gu, 2010
- Pseudohynobius jinfo Wei, Xiong, and Zeng, 2009
- Pseudohynobius kuankuoshuiensis Xu and Zeng, 2007
- Pseudohynobius puxiongensis (Fei and Ye, 2000)
- Pseudohynobius shuichengensis Tian, Gu, Li, Sun, and Li, 1998
- Genus Ranodon (salamander semirichensk)
- Ranodon sibiricus Kessler, 1866
- Genus Salamandrella (salamander siberia)
- Salamandrella keyserlingii Dybowski, 1870
- Salamandrella tridactyla Nikolskii, 1905
Subfamili Onychodactylinae
- Genus Onychodactylus (salamander bercakar)
- Onychodactylus fischeri (Boulenger, 1886)
- Onychodactylus fuscus Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2014
- Onychodactylus intermedius Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
- Onychodactylus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)
- Onychodactylus kinneburi Yoshikawa, Matsui, Tanabe, and Okayama, 2013
- Onychodactylus koreanus Min, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012
- Onychodactylus nipponoborealis Kuro-o, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012
- Onychodactylus tsukubaensis Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2013
- Onychodactylus zhangyapingi Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012
- Onychodactylus zhaoermii Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012
- Onychodactylus sillanus Min, Borzée, and Poyarkov, 2022
- Onychodactylus pyrrhonotus Yoshikawa et Matsui, 2022
Referensi
- ↑ (Hasumi 2002).
- ↑ Pough, F. Harvey (Juli 15, 2015). Herpetology (dalam bahasa Inggris) (Edisi 4th). Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press. hlm. 47. ISBN 978-1-60535-233-6.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ (Hasumi, 2002).
- ↑ Lanza, B.; Vanni., S. & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. hlm. 69. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ↑ Hasumi, M. (2002). About hynobiids. Retrieved May 8, 2005 from .
- ↑ Jia, Jia; Anderson, Jason S.; Gao, Ke-Qin (2021-07-23). "Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders". iScience (dalam bahasa English). 24 (7) 102744. Bibcode:2021iSci...24j2744J. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102744. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 8264161. PMID 34278256.
{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
Famili Caudata bedasarkan subordo | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cryptobranchoidea | .jpg){kind=small} .jpg){kind=small} .jpg){kind=small} | |
| Salamandroidea | ||
| Sirenoidea | ||
| Nasional | |
|---|---|
| Lain-lain | |
