Wessel Harmensz Gansfort | |
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| Lahir | 1419 |
| Meninggal | 4 Oktober 1489(1489-10-04) (umur 69–70) Groningen, Belanda Habsburg, Kekaisaran Romawi Suci |
| Nama lain | Johan Wessel |
| Pekerjaan | Teolog Humanis |
| Dikenal karena | Keselamatan berorientasi rahmat, Kritik terhadap Indulgensi[1] |
Wessel Harmensz Gansfort (1419 – 4 Oktober 1489) adalah seorang teolog dan humanis awal dari Negara-negara Daratan Rendah utara. Berbagai variasi dari nama terakhirnya terkadang disebut Johan Wessel.
Gansfort disebut sebagai salah satu reformator sebelum Reformasi. Ia menyatakan pertentangan pada anggapannya terhadap paganisasi kepausan, pemakaian sihir sakramen, otoritas tradisii gerejawi, dan kecenderungan teologi skolastik kemudian untuk memberikan penekanan yang lebih besar, dalam doktrin pembenaran, terhadap instrumentalitas kehendak manusia ketimbang karya Kristus untuk keselamatan manusia.[2] Beberapa ajaran Gansfort mendahului reformasi Protestan.[3]
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ↑ "The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin" (PDF). Pharos Journal of Theology. 98. 2016.
- ↑
Satu atau lebih kalimat sebelum ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wessel, Johan" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (Edisi 11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 533–534. - ↑ "The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin" (PDF). Pharos Journal of Theology. 98. 2016. John of Wessel was one member in the group who attacked indulgences (Reddy 2004:115). The doctrine of justification by faith alone was the teaching of John of Wessel (Kuiper 1982:151). He rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation where it is believed when the priest pronounces the sacraments then the wine and bread in turned into the real body and blood of Christ
- Wessel Gansfort, Opera, ed. Petrus Pappus à Tratzberg (Groningen: Iohannes Sassius, 1614 (fasc. of the edition of Groningen, 1614: Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1966)).
- Translation of some of his works into English: Edward W. Miller and Jared W. Scudder, Wessel Gansfort. Life and Writings. Principal Works, 2 vols. (New York, 1912).
- Wessel Gansfort (1419–1489) and Northern Humanism, ed. Fokke Akkerman, Gerda Huisman, and Arjo Vanderjagt (Leiden: Brill, 1993).
- Northern Humanism in European Context, 1469–1625. From the 'Adwert Academy' to Ubbo Emmius, ed. F. Akkerman, A.J. Vanderjagt, and A.H. van der Laan (Leiden: Brill, 1999).
- On his correspondence: Jaap van Moolenbroek, 'The correspondence of Wessel Gansfort. An Inventory', Dutch Review of Church History 84 (2004), pp. 100–130.
- On his knowledge of Hebrew: Heiko A. Oberman, 'Discovery of Hebrew and Discrimination against the Jews. The Veritas Hebraica as Double-Edged Sword in Renaissance and Reformation', in Germania Illustrata, ed. Andrew C. Fix and Susan C. Karant-Nunn (Missouri: SCES 18, 1992), pp. 19–34; also Oberman's article 'Wessel Gansfort' in Wessel Gansfort (see above), pp. 97–121; Arjo Vanderjagt, 'Wessel Gansfort (1419–1489) and Rudolph Agricola (144?–1485): Piety and Hebrew', in Frömmigkeit - Theologie - Frömmigkeitstheologie. Contributions to European Church History. Festschrift für Berndt Hamm zum 60. Geburtstag (Leiden: Brill, 2005), pp. 159–172; Arjo Vanderjagt, 'Wessel Gansfort's (1419–1489) use of Hebrew', in Transforming Relations. Essays on Jews and Christians throughout History in Honor of Michael A. Signer, ed. Franklin T. Harkins (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2010), pp. 265–284.
Bacaan tambahan
- John Pascal Mazzola (1939), The Writings of John Wessel Gansfort (1419–1489): Considered as a Critique of the Theological and Ecclesiological Problems of the Fifteenth Century, PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
- Heiko Oberman (2001), The Harvest of Medieval Theology: Gabriel Biel and Late Medieval Nominalism, revised edition, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker.
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