| Komando Pengebom, Angkatan Udara Kerajaan | |
|---|---|
 Pita Bintang 1939-45 dengan Gesper Komando Pengebom | |
| Aktif | 14 Juli 1936 (1936-07-14)–1968 (1968) |
| Negara |  Britania Raya |
| Aliansi | Monarki Britania Raya |
| Cabang |  Angkatan Udara Britania Raya (RAF); skuadron & personel perorangan yang diperbantukan dari RCAF, RAAF, dan RNZAF. |
| Peran | Pengeboman strategis |
| Markas besar |
|
| Moto | Strike Hard Strike Sure[1] |
| Pertempuran | Perang Dunia Kedua |
| Penghargaan perang |
|
| Tokoh | |
| Tokoh berjasa | |
| Pesawat tempur | |
| Pesawat pengebom | 1939: Battle, Blenheim, Hampden, Wellesley, Wellington, Whitley.
1942: Manchester, Stirling, Halifax, Lancaster, Mosquito. 1945: Lincoln 1950: Washington B.1 1951: Canberra. 1955: Vickers Valiant 1956: Avro Vulcan 1958: Handley Page Victor. |
Komando Pengebom Angkatan Udara Kerajaan (Bomber Command, Royal Air Force) mengendalikan pasukan pengebom Angkatan Udara Kerajaan Inggris (RAF) dari tahun 1936 hingga 1968. Bersama dengan Angkatan Udara Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat, komando ini memainkan peran sentral dalam pengeboman strategis terhadap Jerman pada Perang Dunia II. Sejak tahun 1942 dan seterusnya, kampanye pengeboman Britania terhadap Jerman menjadi kurang terikat pembatasan dan semakin menyasar kawasan industri serta basis tenaga kerja sipil yang penting bagi produksi perang Jerman. Secara keseluruhan, 501.536 sortie operasional telah diterbangkan, 2,25 miliarpon (1,02 juta ton) bom dijatuhkan, dan 8.325 pesawat hancur dalam tugas. Awak Komando Pengebom juga mengalami tingkat korban yang tinggi: 55.573 orang tewas dari total 125.000 awak udara, yang setara dengan tingkat kematian sebesar 44,4%. Selain itu, 8.403 prajurit terluka dalam tugas, dan 9.838 orang menjadi tawanan perang.
Komando Pengebom berada di puncak kekuatan militer pascaperangnya pada tahun 1960-an, dengan Pengebom V yang memegang jera nuklir Britania Raya, didukung oleh kekuatan tambahan berupa pengebom ringan Canberra. Pada tahun 1968, komando ini digabungkan dengan Komando Tempur untuk membentuk Komando Serangan.
Sebuah monumen di Green Park, London diresmikan oleh Ratu Elizabeth II pada 28 Juni 2012 untuk mengenang tingginya tingkat korban di antara para awak udara. Pada April 2018, Pusat Komando Pengebom Internasional dibuka di Lincoln.
Referensi
Bibliografi
- Andrews, C. F. (1967). The Vickers Wellington I & II (Aircraft in Profile 125). Leatherhead, Surrey: Profile Publications.
- Ashworth, Chris (1992). RAF Coastal Command: 1936–1969. Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-1852603458.
- Baughen, Greg (2016). The RAF in the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain: A Reappraisal of Army and Air Policy 1938–1940. Stroud: Fonthill Media. ISBN 978-1-78155-525-5.
- Bishop, Patrick (2008). Bomber Boys – Fighting Back 1940–1945. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-00-719215-1..
- Boyne, Walter J. (2012). Clash of Wings: World War II in the Air. Simon and Schuster. hlm. 19–20. ISBN 9781451685138.
- Brookes, Andrew (2012). Valiant Units of the Cold War (Osprey Combat Aircraft: 95). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908753-7.
- Carter, Ian (2000). Bomber Command 1939–1945. Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7110-2699-5..
- Charlwood, Don (1984). No Moon Tonight. Goodall Publications. ISBN 978-0907579069.
- Childers, Thomas (2005). 'Facilis descensus averni est': The Allied Bombing of Germany and the Issue of German Suffering. Vol. 38. Central European History. hlm. 75–105. JSTOR 4547498.
- Darling, Kev (2012). RAF Strike Command, 1968–2007 Aircraft, Men and Action. Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1848848986.
- Dunmore, Spencer; Carter, William (1991). Reap the Whirlwind: The Untold Story of 6 Group, Canada's Bomber Force of World War II. Toronto: McLelland and Stewart.
- Falconer, Jonathan (1998). Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0750918190.
- Freedman, Lawrence (2005). The Official History of the Falklands Campaign: Volume II - War and Diplomacy. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5207-5. OCLC 249889816.
- Garrett, Stephen A. (1993). Ethics and Airpower in World War II: The British Bombing of German Cities. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0312086831.
- Giangreco, Dennis M. (2009). Hell to Pay: Operation Downfall and the Invasion of Japan, 1945–1947. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-316-1.
- Grayling, A. C. (2006). Among the Dead Cities. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-7671-6.
- Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (1982). Action Stations: Military Airfields of Yorkshire. Vol. 4. Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-0-85059-532-1.
- Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (1991). Action Stations: Wartime Military Airfields of Lincolnshire and the East Midlands. Vol. 2. Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-0-85059-484-3..
- Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (2004). Bomber Aircrew of World War II: True Stories of Frontline Air Combat. Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1-84415-066-3.
- Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (2005). English Electric Canberra: The History and Development of a Classic Jet. Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1-84415-242-1.
- Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (1984). To Shatter the Sky: Bomber Airfield at War. Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-0-85059-678-6.
- Harris, Arthur (1995). Despatch on War Operations (Cass Studies in Air Power). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4692-3.
- Hastings, Max (1979). RAF Bomber Command. Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-39204-2.
- Jackson, R. (1974). Air War over France 1939–40 (Edisi 1st). London: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-0510-5.
- Jones, Barry (2000). V-bombers: Valiant, Vulcan and Victor. Crowood. ISBN 9781861263858.
- Judkins, Phil (1 Januari 2012). Making Vision into Power. Vol. 82. International Journal of Engineering and Technology.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Kirby, Maurice; Godwin, M. T. (2009). V is for vulnerable: operational research and the v-bombers. Defence Studies.
- Koch, H. W. (1 Maret 1991). "The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany: the Early Phase, May–September 1940". The Historical Journal. 34 (1): 117–141. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00013959. JSTOR 2639710.
{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Lammers, Stephen E. (1991). William Temple and the bombing of Germany: an Exploration in the Just War Tradition. Journal of Religious Ethics. hlm. 71–93.
- Lee, David (1989). Wings in the Sun: A history of the Royal Air Force in the Mediterranean 1945–1986. HMSO Books.
- Messenger, Charles (1984). Bomber Harris and the Strategic Bombing Offensive, 1939–1945. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 978-0-85368-677-4.
- Mets, David R. (1997) [1988]. Master of Airpower: General Carl A. Spaatz (Edisi paperback). Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-317-0.
- Middlebrook, Martin (1982). The Peenemünde Raid: The Night of 17–18 August 1943. New York: Bobbs-Merrill.
- Milberry, Larry (1984). Sixty Years – The RCAF and CF Air Command 1924–1984. Toronto: Canav Books.
- Moyes, P. J. R. (1976). Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 978-0-354-01027-6.
- Neufeld, Michael J. (1995). The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era. New York: The Free Press.
- Otter, Patrick (1998). Yorkshire Airfields. Countryside Books. ISBN 978-1-85306-542-2.
- Overy, Richard (1995). The Means to Victory: Bombs and Bombing" in Overy, Why the Allies Won. hlm. 101–133.
- Peden, Murray (2003). A Thousand Shall Fall : The True Story of a Canadian Bomber Pilot in World War Two. Dundurn Press. ISBN 978-1550024548.
- Pine, L.G. (1983). A Dictionary of Mottoes. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
- Rudolf Prescher (1955). Werner Spieß (ed.). Der rote Hahn über Braunschweig (PDF). Braunschweiger Werkstücke (dalam bahasa Jerman). Braunschweig: Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei. doi:10.24355/DBBS.084-201801311138. OCLC 1239810409. Wikidata Q131286971.
- Richards, Denis (1953). Royal Air Force 1939–1945: Volume I The Fight at Odds. History of the Second World War. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- Robertson, John (1984). Australia Goes to War. Australia: Doubleday. ISBN 0-86824-155-5.
- Saunders, Hilary St. George (1954). Royal Air Force 1939–1945: Volume III The Fight is Won. History of the Second World War. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- Smith, Malcolm (1 Maret 1990). The Allied Air Offensive. Journal of Strategic Studies. hlm. 67–83.
{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Taylor, Frederick (2005). Dresden: Tuesday 13 February 1945. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-7084-1.
- Terraine, John (1985). A Time for Courage: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939–1945. Macmillan Publishing Co.
- Tooze, Adam (2007). The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-100348-1.
- Verrier, Anthony (1968). The Bomber Offensive. London: Batsford.
- Walker, J. Samuel (2016). Prompt and Utter Destruction Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs Against Japan. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1469628981.
- Webster, Charles; Noble, Frankland (1961). The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany, 1939–1945. HMSO. ISBN 978-1-84574-437-3.
{{cite book}}: Ketidakcocokan ISBN / tanggal - Wells, Mark K. (1995). Courage and air warfare: the Allied aircrew experience in the Second World War. Routledge.
- Werrell, Kenneth P. (1986). "The Strategic Bombing of Germany in World War II: Costs and Accomplishments". Journal of American History. 73 (3): 702–713. doi:10.2307/1902984. JSTOR 1902984.
Pranala luar
- Staff, Sejarah RAF – Perang Dunia Kedua Sebuah bibliografi yang disusun oleh RAF (lihat bagian "Komando Pengebom dan Serangan Udara Strategis terhadap Jerman"))
- Bob Baxter's Bomber Command Diarsipkan 27 April 2017 di Wayback Machine. Sejarah dan penelitian komprehensif tentang Komando Pengebom.
- Bomber Command Memorial Appeal Situs web ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dana bagi Monumen Komando Pengebom di London.
- Bomber Command Memorial Appeal Situs web donasi untuk Monumen Komando Pengebom di London.
- Timelines of Bomber Command over '42–'45
- Related Newspaper Articles
- RAF Bomber Command at War 1939–45 CD audiobooks (actuality recordings)
- Bomber Command Squadrons
- "Re-arming a Bomber" 1941 Training Film di YouTube
