Pithia

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Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Pithia (disambiguasi).

Pithia (/ˈpɪ[invalid input: 'th']iə/,^[1] bahasa Yunani:Πυθία [pyːˈtʰi.a]), yang umumnya dikenal sebagai Orakel Delphi, adalah nama yang diberikan kepada pendeta wanita Kuil Apollo di Delphi yang menjabat sebagai orakel.

Nama "Pithia" berasal dari kata Pytho, yang dikatakan merupakan nama asli dari Delphi. Dalam etimologi, bangsa Yunani memberikan nama tempat tersebut dari pengucapan, pythein (πύθειν), yang merujuk kepada bau manis menyengat dari jenazah monster Pithon setelah dipanah oleh Apollo.^[2]

Pithia didirikan pada abad ke-8 SM,^[3] dan dikenal karena nubuat-nubuatnya yang terinspirasi dari roh-rohiwa dewa (atau antusiasme), dalam hal ini Apollo. Pendeta wanita Pithia telah ada dari akhir abad ke-7 SM dan masih digunakan sebagai wadah untuk berkonsultasi sampai abad ke-4 Masehi.^[4] Pada masa tersebut, Orakel Delphi merupakan orakel paling prestisius dan otoritatif bagi bangsa Yunani, dan ia merupakan wanita paling berkuasa pada zaman klasik. Orakel tersebut adalah salah satu lembaga keagamaan yang paling terdokumentasi pada zaman Yunani klasik. Pengarang-pengarang yang menyebut orakel tersebut meliputi Aeskilus, Aristoteles, Klemens dari Aleksandria, Diodorus, Diogenes, Euripides, Herodotus, Yulianus, Justin, Livy, Lucan, Nepos, Ovid, Pausanias, Pindar, Plato, Plutarch, Sophocles, Strabo, Thucydides dan Xenophon.

Catatan

↑ ""Pythia" main entry Random House Dictionary (American), further down Collins Dictionary (British)". Dictionary.com.
↑ Homeric Hymn to Apollo 363–369.
↑ Athletes and Oracles: The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC; Morgan C. 1990, p. 148.
↑ Delphi: A History of the Center of the Ancient World; Michael Scott, Princeton University Press, p. 30

Referensi

Sumber kuno

Herodotus, The Histories, at the Perseus Project
Homeric Hymn to Apollo, at the Perseus Project
Pausanias, Description of Greece, (ed. and translated with commentary by Sir James Frazer), 1913 edition. Cf. v.5
Plutarch, De defectu oraculorum ("On the Decline of Oracles") and De Pythiae Oraculis ("On the Oracles of the Pythia"), in Moralia, vol. 5 (Loeb Library, Harvard University Press)

Sumber modern

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