Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservativeTemplat:SHORTDESC:Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservative
Kreosot adalah kategori bahan kimia berkarbon yang terbentuk melalui penyulingan berbagai tar dan pirolisis bahan yang berasal dari tumbuhan seperti kayu, atau bahan bakar fosil. Kreosot biasanya digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet atau antiseptik.[2]
Beberapa jenis kreosot secara historis digunakan sebagai perawatan untuk komponen struktur kayu di laut dan di luar ruangan untuk mencegah pembusukan (misalnya jembatan dan bantalan rel kereta api, lihat gambar). Sampelnya dapat ditemukan secara umum di dalam cerobong asap, tempat batubara atau kayu terbakar dalam kondisi yang bervariasi, menghasilkan jelaga dan asap tar. Kreosot adalah bahan kimia utama yang bertanggung jawab atas stabilitas, aroma, dan rasa khas daging asap. Namanya berasal dari bahasa Yunani κρέας (kreas, artinya "daging") dan σωτήρ (sōtēr, artinya "pengawet").[3]
Dua jenis utama yang dikenal dalam industri adalah kreosot tar batu bara dan kreosot tar kayu. Varietas tar batubara, yang memiliki sifat lebih kuat dan lebih beracun, terutama telah digunakan sebagai pengawet untuk kayu. Kreosot tar batubara juga dulunya digunakan sebagai eskarotik untuk membakar jaringan kulit ganas, dan dalam kedokteran gigi untuk mencegah nekrosis, sebelum sifat karsinogeniknya diketahui.[4][5]
Referensi
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- ↑ Price, Kellogg & Cox 1909, hlm. 7
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- ↑ "Coal Tar and Coal-Tar Pitch". cancer.gov. National Cancer Institute. Maret 20, 2015. Diakses tanggal 2020-11-24.
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- Nickels 1890, hlm. 614
- Allen 1910, hlm. 353
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- Lee et al. 2005, hlm. 1483
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- Cormack 1836, hlm. 58
- Parr 1809, hlm. 383
- Berkeley 1744, hlm. 9
- Pliny 1856, hlm. 8
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- Cormack 1836, hlm. 50
- Vitet 1778, hlm. 427
- Chemist and Druggist 1889, hlm. 300
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- Whittaker 1893, hlm. 77
- Contrepois 2002, hlm. 211
- Kinnicutt 1892, hlm. 514
- Imlay 1876, hlm. 514
- Dobbell 1878, hlm. 315
- Kinnicutt 1892, hlm. 515
- Coblentz 1908
- Engineering and Contracting 1912, hlm. 531
- American Railway Bridge and Building Association 1914, hlm. 287
- Allen 1910, hlm. 366
- Bateman 1922, hlm. 47
- Bateman 1922, hlm. 50
- Angier 1910, hlm. 408
- Nickels 1890, hlm. 615
- Brock 2008, hlm. 91
- Orr & White 1990, hlm. 255
- Orr & White 1990, hlm. 39
- Speight 1994, hlm. 77
- Melber, Kielhorn & Mangelsdorf 2004, hlm. 11
- Speight 1994, hlm. 456
- Mushrush & Speight 1995, hlm. 115
- Greenhow 1965, hlm. 58
- Price, Kellogg & Cox 1909, hlm. 12
- Price, Kellogg & Cox 1909, hlm. 13
- Philips 1891, hlm. 255
- Martin 1913, hlm. 416–419
- Nelson 1907, hlm. 204
- Noller 1965, hlm. 185
- Salmon 1901, hlm. 7–14
- Seirogan 2011
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- Ibach & Miller 2007, 14-1–14-9
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- Farrar 1893, hlm. 1–25
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- Hunt & Garratt 1967, hlm. 97
- Richardson 1993, hlm. 103
- Encyclopædia Britannica 1949, hlm. 821
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- Chenoweth 1945, hlm. 206
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- MacLean 1952
- Shupe, Lebow & Ring 2008
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- Shupe 2012
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- Balsama et al 1984
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{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Ramanand & Suflita 1991
- Phelps & Young 1999
- Aronson et al 1999
- Smolenski & Suflita 1987
- Zazo et al 2005
- Wang et al 2004
- Lovley & Lonergan 1990
- Bossert & Young 1986
- Weitkamp & Bennett 2011
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