Istilah yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan perdagangan narkoba yang tertanam dalam pemerintahan negara di VenezuelaTemplat:SHORTDESC:Istilah yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan perdagangan narkoba yang tertanam dalam pemerintahan negara di Venezuela
.png) Nama kelompok ini berasal dari lambang "matahari" yang digunakan oleh para jenderal Venezuela | |
| Tahun aktif | 1993—kini[1] |
|---|---|
| Teritori | Venezuela |
| Aktivitas kriminal | Perdagangan obat-obatan ilegal, terorisme narkoba, penyelundupan, pertambangan ilegal, dan pencucian uang |
| Sekutu | |
Kartel Matahari (Spanyol: Cartel de los Soles, pelafalan dalam bahasa Spanyol:[kaɾˈteldelos'soles]) adalah sebuah istilah umum yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan suatu dugaan[5] jaringan perdagangan narkoba dan aktivitas kriminal terkait yang melibatkan para anggota Angkatan Bersenjata Nasional Bolivar Venezuela, termasuk para perwira tinggi dan pejabat politik.[2][6][7]
Lihat pula
- Serangan Amerika Serikat di Venezuela 2026
- Kriminal di Venezuela
- Negara dalam
- Kasus Narcosobrinos
- Operasi Tombak Selatan
- Skandal Susurluk
Referensi
- ↑ Mayes-Osterman, Cybele (25 November 2025). "What the US labeling Venezuelan 'Cartel de los Soles' terrorists means". USA Today. The name dates back to 1993, when two anti-narcotics officials in Venezuela's military were themselves accused of drug trafficking, according to InSight Crime, a think tank that tracks organized crime in the Americas. The term – which translates to "cartel of the suns" – refers to the sun design on the epaulettes of Venezuela's military commanders. The term "Cartel de los Soles" grew out of the slang of that era, Tree said.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 "Cartel de los Soles". InSightCrime. Diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2015.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Delgado, Antonio María (3 Desember 2025). "Ex-Venezuelan spy chief alleges Maduro regime runs drugs, gangs, spies in U.S." Miami Herald.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ "Incautación rusa de cocaína sacó a flote "la fruta podrida" de la dictadura orteguista" [Russian cocaine seizure exposed the “rotten fruit” of the Ortega dictatorship]. Confidencial (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 14 Januari 2024. Para Orozco, la permisividad con que opera el crimen organizado en Nicaragua, es parte de la captura del Estado por una "estructura familiar que tiene vínculos con diferentes tipos de organizaciones criminales y no criminales". Apuntó que al clan familiar de Daniel Ortega y Rosario Murillo tiene una "vinculación con el Cártel de los Soles", que es comandado por las altas esferas políticas de Venezuela. [For Orozco, the permissiveness with which organised crime operates in Nicaragua is part of the capture of the state by a ‘family structure that has links to different types of criminal and non-criminal organisations’. He pointed out that the family clan of Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo has ‘links to the Cartel de los Soles’, which is commanded by the upper echelons of Venezuelan politics.]
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑
- Wells, Ione (2025-11-17). "US to designate Venezuela's Cartel de los Soles as terrorists". BBC Home. Diakses tanggal 2026-01-04. The Cartel de los Soles is a term used by the US to describe an alleged criminal group involved in activities such as drug-trafficking and illegal mining
- Burgess, Katrina; Corrales, Javier (2024). "Petro-states, oil shocks, and regime change: Venezuela and Ecuador, 2013–2023". Environment and Security. 2 (3). Sage Publishing: 482–483. doi:10.1177/27538796241237287. Already a source of revenue for the regime, cocaine trafficking between the Cartel of the Suns, an alleged network of transnational drug-trafficking and criminal cells embedded in the Venezuelan military and government, and former ELN and FARC militants grew to unprecedented levels.
- "Venezuelan jets fly near US Navy ship amid rising tensions". Anadolu Agency. 5 September 2025. The US has long accused Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro of leading the Cartel de los Soles (Cartel of the Suns), an alleged network of high-level drug trafficking and organized crime within the Venezuelan government and military.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - O'Connor, Tom (25 November 2025). "Trump May Defeat Maduro Without Battle and Lose War in Venezuela". Newsweek. Trump administration officials have also publicly announced the U.S. would designate the Cartel of the Suns, or Cartel de los Soles, the alleged network of state-sponsored actors involved in narco-trafficking and other illicit activities, as a foreign terrorist organization, potentially opening new pathways for U.S. action in Venezuela.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Venezuela: Prospects and Risks of a Military Operation". Robert Lansing Institute. 8 September 2025. Cartel de los Soles ("Cartel of the Suns"). What is it? An alleged network of high-ranking Venezuelan military officials involved in international drug trafficking, including cocaine, oil smuggling, illegal mining, and money laundering.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Memphis Sees Lowest Crime Rates in Over 20 Years, Says Mayor Paul Young". Prensa Latina. 24 November 2025. The US State Department on Monday designated the "Cartel of the Suns", an alleged network of high-ranking Venezuelan military officers and state officials involved in criminal activities, particularly drug trafficking, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO).
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Romero, Mauricio (4 Desember 2025). "Ex-Venezuelan Spy Chief's Explosive Letter to Trump Alleges Maduro-Led Narco Campaign Against US". Colombia One. Carvajal's accusations arrive amid a long and contentious legal saga. U.S. prosecutors have long accused Carvajal of helping to run a so-called Cartel of the Suns — an alleged criminal network of Venezuelan military officials that collaborated with Colombian guerrilla groups to traffic cocaine into the United States.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Ghanem, Noureldein (19 November 2025). "US mulls 'terrorist' label for Venezuela's Cartel de los Soles. But does it even exist as such?". TRT World. The term "Cartel de los Soles" — Spanish for "Cartel of the Suns" — vaguely refers to the alleged corruption within the Venezuelan military and the name alludes to the sun insignia on high-ranking officials' uniforms.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "US designates supposed Venezuelan cartel as terrorist organization". ARB 24. 25 November 2025. The term 'Cartel of the Suns' originated in the 1990s as a media reference to alleged corruption among Venezuelan military officers who reportedly wore Sun-shaped insignia on their uniforms.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Trump aide Stephen Miller suggests Venezuelan oil belongs to US". Al Jazeera. 17 Desember 2025. In November, the administration designated the "Cartel de los Soles" as a "foreign terrorist organisation", even though the term does not refer to an organised group. Rather, it is a reference to alleged corruption within the Venezuelan government and military.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Pratama, Ramdhani; Monica, Lisa (29 November 2025). "US increases pressure on Venezuela, tensions in the Caribbean rise". IDN Financials. Tensions escalated further after the US added Cartel de los Soles to its list of foreign terrorist organisations – a label seen as referring more to alleged corruption among Venezuelan officials than to an organised drug cartel.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "US military hits Caracas as Trump says President Maduro taken into custody". Daily News Egypt. 3 Januari 2026. In 2020, the US Department of Justice issued indictments against Maduro and senior officials, accusing them of "narco-terrorism" and leading the "Cartel of the Suns"—a term used to describe alleged corruption and drug trafficking by high-ranking military officers.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Venezuela ex-intel chief missing in Spain ahead of US extradition". France 24. Madrid. 13 November 2019. In it, the agent refers to Carvajal as a member of the so-called "Cartel of the Suns", an umbrella term for alleged networks within the Venezuelan military and government that aid and abet drug trafficking.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Venezuela ex-intel chief missing ahead of US extradition" (PDF). Kuwait Times (17984): 7. 14 November 2019. In it, the agent refers to Carvajal as a member of the so-called "Cartel of the Suns", an umbrella term for alleged networks within the Venezuelan military and government that aid and abet drug trafficking.
{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Venezuela rejects US terrorist designation as 'ridiculous lie'". Le Monde. 25 November 2025. Washington accuses Maduro of heading an alleged Venezuelan drug cartel, "Cartel de los Soles" (Cartel of the Suns), which the United States on Monday designated a foreign terrorist organization (FTO).
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Rawling, Caitlin; Cooper, Luke (10 Desember 2025). "US seizes oil tanker off coast of Venezuela, Donald Trump says". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Washington accused Mr Maduro of leading the alleged "Cartel of the Suns", which it declared a terrorist organisation last month.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "US slaps sanctions on Maduro relatives as Venezuela war fears build". France24. 11 Desember 2025. Washington has accused Maduro of leading the alleged "Cartel of the Suns," which it declared a "narco-terrorist" organization last month, and has offered a $50 million reward for information leading to his capture.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Venezuela's distressed economy now faces worst nightmare: a possible war with the U.S." Miami Herald. 1 Desember 2025. The White House claims that Maduro leads that alleged cartel and that he is an "illegitimate" ruler. That classification allows the United States to have "a whole bunch of new options" to confront the alleged cartel, U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "Venezuela Says US Terrorist Designation A 'Ridiculous Lie'". Barrons. 24 November 2025. Washington accuses Maduro of heading an alleged Venezuelan drug cartel, "Cartel de los Soles" (Cartel of the Suns), which the United States on Monday designated a foreign terrorist organization (FTO).
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "US slaps sanctions on Maduro relatives as Venezuela war fears build". Radio France Internationale. 11 Desember 2025. Washington has accused Maduro of leading the alleged "Cartel of the Suns," which it declared a "narco-terrorist" organization last month, and has offered a $50 million reward for information leading to his capture.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - "US bringing seized tanker to port, as Venezuela war threats build". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 12 Desember 2025. Washington has accused Maduro of leading the alleged "Cartel of the Suns," which it declared a "narco-terrorist" organization last month, and has offered a $50 million reward for information leading to his capture.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Hauslohner, Abigail; Daniels, Joe (15 September 2025). "US military strikes alleged Venezuelan drug boat in Caribbean". Financial Times. Maduro — the revolutionary socialist who has ruled Venezuela with an iron fist since assuming office in 2013 — is regarded by the Trump administration as a leader of the Cartel of the Suns, an alleged drug trafficking organisation run by Venezuela's political and military elite.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - Burgess, Katrina; Corrales, Javier. Traumatic Decarbonization in Venezuela and Ecuador (Laporan). World Peace Foundation. hlm. 11. Cocaine trafficking between the Cartel of the Suns, an alleged cartel composed of members of the Venezuelan military and government (InSight Crime 2021)...
- ↑ "US targets Venezuela over 'Soles' cartel. Does it exist?". France24. Diakses tanggal 18 September 2025.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ McDermott, Jeremy (2018), Reitano, Tuesday; Jesperson, Sasha; Bird Ruiz-Benitez de Lugo, Lucia (ed.), "Militarisation of the Drug War in Latin America: A Policy Cycle Set to Continue?", Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime : The War on Crime (dalam bahasa Inggris), Cham: Springer International Publishing, hlm. 259–277, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57565-0_15, ISBN 978-3-319-57565-0, diakses tanggal 3 September 2025
{{citation}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Parameter work dengan ISBN (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)