| Buthidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Odonturus dentatus | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah  | |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Arthropoda |
| Subfilum: | Chelicerata |
| Kelas: | Arachnida |
| Ordo: | Scorpiones |
| Superfamili: | Buthoidea |
| Famili: | Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 |
| Subfamili | |
| |
| Sinonim [1] | |
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List
| |
Buthidae adalah famili kalajengking terbesar, mencakup sekitar 100 genera dan 1300 spesies per tahun 2025.[2] Sedikit genera yang sangat besar (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, atau Tityus) telah diketahui, namun sejumlah besar generanya memiliki sangat sedikti spesies, bahkan beberapa monotipik.[2] Taksa baru dideskripsikan dalam laju beberapa spesies per tahun.[2] Mereka memiliki persebaran kosmopolitan di sekujur lingkungan-lingkungan tropis dan subtropis di seluruh dunia.[2] Bersamaan dengan empat famili lainnya, Buthidae membentuk superfamili Buthoidea. Famili ini dideskripsikan oleh Carl Ludwig Koch pada 1837.[2]
Terdapat sekitar 20 spesies kalajengking yang memiliki kepentingan medis (dalam konteks ini berarti kemungkinan mematikan bagi manusia) yang telah diketahui. Semuanya kecuali Hemiscorpius lepturus berada pada famili Buthidae.[3]
Daftar genera dan jumlah spesies
Berikut adalah genera yang diakui dalam Buthidae:[2]
- Aegaeobuthus Kovarik, 2019 (4 sp)
- Afroisometrus Kovarik, 1997 (1 sp)
- Afrolychas Kovarik, 2019 (2 sp)
- Akentrobuthus Lamoral, 1976 (2 sp)
- Alayotityus Armas, 1973 (8 sp)
- Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 (53 sp)
- Anomalobuthus Kraepelin, 1900 (6 sp)
- Apistobuthus Finnegan, 1932 (2 sp)
- †Archaeoananteroides Lourenço & Velten, 2016 (Cretaceous, Burmese amber)[4]
- Australobuthus Locket, 1990 (1 sp)
- Babycurus Karsch, 1886 (14 sp)
- Baloorthochirus Kovarik, 1996 (1 sp)
- Barbaracurus Kovarik, Lowe & Stahlavsky, 2018 (13 sp)
- Birulatus Vachon, 1974 (4 sp)
- Buthacus Birula, 1908 (36 sp)
- Butheoloides Hirst, 1925 (19 sp)
- Butheolus Simon, 1882 (6 sp)
- Buthiscus Birula, 1905 (2 sp)
- Buthoscorpio Werner, 1936 (5 sp)
- Buthus Leach, 1815 (71 sp)
- Centruroides Marx, 1890 (104 sp)
- Charmus Karsch, 1879 (5 sp)
- Chaneke Francke, Teruel & Santibanez-Lopez, 2014 (4 sp)
- Cicileiurus Teruel, 2007 (1 sp)
- Cicileus Vachon, 1948 (5 sp)
- Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 (57 sp)
- Congobuthus Lourenço, 1999 (1 sp)
- Darchenia Vachon, 1977 (1 sp)
- Egyptobuthus Lourenço, 1999 (1 sp)
- Femtobuthus Lowe, 2010 (1 sp)
- Fetilinia Lowe & Kovarik, 2021 (1 sp)
- Gint Kovarik, Lowe, Pliskova & Stahlavsky, 2013 (14 sp)
- Grosphus Simon, 1880 (14 sp)
- Hemibuthus Pocock, 1900 (2 sp)
- Hemilychas Hirst, 1911 (1 sp)
- Heteroctenus Pocock, 1893 (10 sp)
- Hottentotta Birula, 1908 (62 sp)
- Iranobuthus Kovarik, 1997 (1 sp)
- Ischnotelson Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini (2 sp)
- Isometroides Keyserling, 1885 (1 sp)
- Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (18 sp)
- Jaguajir Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini, 2017 (3 sp)
- Janalychas Kovarik, 2019 (9 sp)
- Karasbergia Hewitt, 1913 (1 sp)
- Kraepelinia Vachon, 1974 (1 sp)
- Langxie Tang, Jia & Liu, 2023 (1 sp)
- Lanzatus Kovarik, 2001 (4 sp)
- Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (26 sp)
- Liobuthus Birula, 1898 (1 sp)
- Lissothus Vachon, 1948 (3 sp)
- Lychas C.L. Koch, 1845 (33 sp)
- Mauritanobuthus Qi & Lourenço (1 sp)
- Mesobuthus Vachon, 1950 (31 sp)
- Mesotityus Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981 (1 sp)
- Microbuthus Kraepelin, 1898 (8 sp)
- Microcharmus Lourenço, 1995 (17 sp)
- Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (41 sp)
- Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 (21 sp)
- Neogrosphus Lourenço, 1995 (3 sp)
- Neoprotobuthus Lourenço, 2000 (1 sp)
- Odontobuthus Vachon, 1950 (12 sp)
- Odonturus Karsch, 1879 (1 sp)
- Olivierus Farzanpay, 1987 (18 sp)
- Orthochiroides Kovarik, 1998 (4 sp)
- Orthochirus Karsch, 1891 (58 sp)
- Pantobuthus Lourenço & Duhem, 2009 (1 sp)
- Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 (44 sp)
- Pectinibuthus Fet in Orlov & Vasilyev, 1984 (1 sp)
- Physoctonus Mello-Leitao, 1934 (3 sp)
- Picobuthus Lowe, 2010 (2 sp)
- Plesiobuthus Pocock, 1900 (1 sp)
- Polisius Fet, Capes & Sissom, 2001 (1 sp)
- Pseudolissothus Lourenço, 2001 (1 sp)
- Pseudolychas Kraepelin, 1911 (3 sp)
- Pseudouroplectes Lourenço, 1995 (6 sp)
- Razianus Farzanpay, 1987 (4 sp)
- Reddyanus Vachon, 1972 (38 sp)
- Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876 (3 sp)
- Saharobuthus Lourenço & Duhem, 2009 (1 sp)
- Sahil Kovarik, 2024 (1 sp)
- Sanaag Kovarik, 2024 (1 sp)
- Sassanidotus Farzanpay, 1987 (2 sp)
- Somalibuthus Kovarik, 1998 (2 sp)
- Somalicharmus Kovarik, 1998 (1 sp)
- Spelaeolychas Kovarik, 2019 (1 sp)
- Teruelius Lowe & Kovarik, 2019 (22 sp)
- Thaicharmus Kovarik, 1995 (4 sp)
- Tityopsis Armas, 1974 (7 sp)
- Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 (230 sp)
- Troglorhopalurus Lourenço, Baptista & Giupponi, 2004 (3 sp)
- Trypanothacus Lowe, Kovarik, Stockmann & Stahlavsky, 2019 (3 sp)
- †Uintascorpio Perry, 1995 (Eocene, Green River Formation)[5]
- Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (37 sp)
- Vachoniolus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 (4 sp)
- Vachonus Tikader & Bastawade, 1983 (4 sp)
- Xenobuthus Lowe, 2018 (3 sp)
- Zabius Thorell, 1893 (3 sp)
Referensi
- ↑ Teruel, Rolando & Fet, Victor (eds.) (2005): Snyopsis of the described scorpions of the world - Family Buthidae Diarsipkan 2009-05-10 di Wayback Machine. Version of 3/7/2005. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rein, Jan Ove (2025). "Buthidae". The Scorpion Files. Diakses tanggal November 1, 2025.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Davies, E. (27 July 2016). The world's worst stinger has a surprising owner. BBC Earth. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ↑ Wilson R. Lourenço; Jürgen Velten (2016). "A new genus and species of fossil scorpion from Burmese Cretaceous amber (Scorpiones: Buthoidea: Buthidae)". Arachnida – Rivista Aracnologica Italiana. 10: 2–9.
- ↑ Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.; Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor (2004). "A redescription and family placement of Uintascorpio Perry, 1995 from the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation (middle Eocene) of Colorado, USA (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" (PDF). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología. 10: 7–16. ISSN 1576-9518.
| Nasional | |
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| Lain-lain | |
