Mazhab Kyoto

Mazhab Kyoto (京都学派, Kyōto-gakuha) adalah nama yang diberikan pada gerakan filsafat Jepang yang terpisat di Universitas Kyoto yang mengasimilasikan filsafat Barat dan gagasan agama dan memakainya untuk merumuskan ulang sorotan agama dan moral yang unik terhadap tradisi filsafat Asia Timur.^[1] Namun, mazhab tersebut juga dipakai untuk mendeskripsikan para cendekiawan pasca-perang yang mengajar di universitas yang sama, dipengaruhi oleh para pemikir fondasional filsafat mazhab Kyoto, dan yang mengembangkan teori-teori khas dari keunikan Jepang. Sehingga, untuk mendisambiguasi istilah tersebut, pemikiran dan penulis yang termasuk dalam esensi kedua tersebut ditempatkan di bawah Pusat Riset Universitas Kyoto untuk Ilmu Budaya.

Bermula pada sekitar tahun 1913 dengan Kitarō Nishida, mazhab tersebut menuai kontroversi serius yang terjadi setelah Perang Dunia II yang mengembangkannya menjadi gerakan terkenal dan aktif. Namun, ini bukanlah "mazhab" filsafat dalam esensi tradisional dari frase tersebut, seperti dengan Mazhab Frankfurt atau Akademi Plato. Sebagai gantinya, kelompok akademik tersebut berkumpul di sekitaran Universitas Kyoto sebagai tempat pertemuan de facto. Pendirinya, Nishida, sangat mendorong pemikiran independen.

Referensi

Daftar pustaka

Buku pembelajaran

• The Buddha Eye: An Anthology of the Kyoto School. Edited by Frederick Franck. New York: Crossroad Publishing, 1982.

—Seventeen essays, most from The Eastern Buddhist, on Zen and Pure Land Buddhism.

• Kyoto School Philosophy: A Call for a Paradigm Shift in Philosophical Thought Diarsipkan 2012-04-03 di Wayback Machine, by Horo Atsuhiko. Nanzan Bulletin 16, 1992, pp. 15–32.
• The Philosophy of the Kyoto School, edited by Fujita Masakatsu. 2001.

—Anthology of texts by Kyoto scholars themselves, with additional biographical essays.

• The Thought of the Kyoto School, edited by Ohashi Ryosuke. 2004.

—Collection of essays dealing with the history of its name, and its members contributions to philosophy.

• Carter, Robert E.; Kasulis, Thomas P. (2013). The Kyoto School: An Introduction. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-4541-0.
• Philosophers of Nothingness, by James Heisig. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001. ISBN0-8248-2481-4

—Excellent introduction to the School's history and content; includes rich multilingual bibliography.

• Absolute Nothingness: Foundations for a Buddhist-Christian Dialogue, Hans Waldenfels. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

—Good early work, focuses mostly on Nishitani's relevance for the perspective of Buddhist-Christian dialogue.

• James W. Heisig, John C. Maraldo (Ed.): "Rude Awakenings. Zen, the Kyoto School, & the Question of Nationalism", Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
• Crespín Perales, Montserrat, y Wirtz, Fernando (eds) (2023). Después de la nada. Dialéctica e ideología en la filosofía japonesa contemporánea. Barcelona: Herder.

Artikel jurnal

• "The Religious Philosophy of the Kyoto School: An Overview," by James Heisig. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies Vol.17, No.1 (1990), pp. 51–81.
• "Heidegger and Buddhism," by T. Umehara. Philosophy East and West, Vol.20 (1970), pp. 271–281.
• "Nishida's Philosophy of 'Place'," by Masao Abe, International Philosophical Quarterly Vol.28, No.4 (Winter 1988), pp. 355–371.
• "In Memoriam: Keiji Nishitani (1900-1990)," by E. Kawamura-Hanoka. Buddhist-Christian Studies, Vol.12 (1992), pp. 241–245.
• Crespín Perales, Montserrat (2024). The Denomination" Kyoto School” in the Work of Tsuchida Kyōson (1891-1934) Contemporary Thought of Japan and China (1926, 1927)

Bacaan oleh anggota

• For further information, see the Nanzan Institute's Bibliography for all Kyoto School members.
• Kitaro Nishida, An Inquiry into the Good, translated by Masao Abe and Christopher Ives. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987 (1921).
• ——, Art and Morality, translated by D. Dilworth and Valdo Viglielmo. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1973.
• ——, Intelligibility and the Philosophy of Nothingness, translated by Robert Schinzinger. Westport: 1958.
• Tanabe, Hajime, "Demonstratio of Christianity", in Introduction to the Philosophy of Tanabe: According to the English Translation of the Seventh Chapter of the Demonstration of Christianity, translated by Makoto Ozaki, Rodopi Bv Editions, January 1990, ISBN90-5183-205-2,ISBN978-90-5183-205-1, ASIN B0006F1CBU.
• ——, "The Logic of the Species as Dialectics," trns. David Dilworth; Taira Sato, in Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 24, No. 3, 1969, pp. 273–288.
• ——, Philosophy as Metanoetics (Nanzan Studies in Religion and Culture), Yoshinori Takeuchi, Valdo Viglielmo, and James W. Heisig (Translators), University of California Press, April 1987, ISBN0-520-05490-3.
• Keiji Nishitani, Religion and Nothingness, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. ISBN0-520-04946-2
• ——, The Self-Overcoming of Nihilism, translated by Graham Parkes and Setsuko Aihara. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.
• Yoshinori Takeuchi, The Heart of Buddhism, translated by James Heisig. New York: 1983.

Sumber sekuender tentang para anggota

• Nishida Kitaro, by Nishitani Keiji, translated by Yamamoto Sesaku and James Heisig. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
• The Religious Philosophy of Tanabe Hajime, edited by Taitetsu Unno and James Heisig. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
• The Religious Philosophy of Nishitani Keiji, edited by Taitetsu Unno. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Pranala luar

• Portal Filsafat

• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• The Fascist Next Door? Nishitani Keiji and the Chuokoron Discussions in Perspective, Discussion Paper by Xiaofei Tu in the Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies, 27 July 2006.

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