Ma'rib | |
|---|---|
 The ruins of Old Ma'rib, which lies to the south of the modern city | |
| Country |  Yemen |
| Kegubernuran | Kegubernuran Ma'rib |
| Populasi (2005) | |
| • Total | 16.794 |
| • Ethnicities | Arab |
| Zona waktu | UTC+3 (Yemen Standard Time) |
Ma'rib atau Marib (bahasa Arab:مَأْرِب, translit. Maʾrib; Arab Selatan Lama: 𐩣𐩧𐩨/𐩣𐩧𐩺𐩨 Mryb/Mrb) merupakan ibu kota Kegubernuran Ma'rib, Yaman. Ia adalah ibu kota Kerajaan Sabaʾ (bahasa Arab:سَبَأ),[1][2] yang dipercayai oleh beberapa sejarawan sebagai Sheba kuno yang terkenal dalam Alkitab.[3] Ia terletak kira-kira 120 km di timur ibu kota modern Yaman, Sanaa, dan berada di kawasan Pergunungan Sarawat.[4] Pada tahun 2005, kota ini memiliki populasi 16.794 orang. Akan tetapi, pada 2021, wilayah ini telah menyerap hampir sejuta pengungsi yang melarikan diri dari Perang Saudara Yaman.[5]
Tokoh
Salah satu tokoh yang berasal dari wilayah ini adalah Abyadh bin Hammal, seorang sahabat Nabi Muhammad yang dikenal melalui riwayat mengenai pemberian dan penarikan kembali hak atas tanah di Yaman.
Referensi
- ↑ Qur'an 27:6-93
- ↑ Qur'an 34:15-18
- ↑ "Saba / Sa'abia / Sheba". The History Files (http://www.historyfiles.co.uk). Diakses tanggal 27 Juni 2008. The kingdom of Saba is known to have existed in the region of Yemen. By 1000 BC caravan trains of camels journeyed from Oman in south-east Arabia to the Mediterranean. As the camel drivers passed through the deserts of Yemen, experts believe that many of them would have called in at Marib. Dating from at least 1050 BC, and now barren and dry, Marib was then a lush oasis teeming with palm trees and exotic plants. Ideally placed, it was situated on the trade routes and with a unique dam of vast proportions. It was also one of only two main sources of frankincense (the other being East Africa), so Saba had a virtual monopoly. Marib's wealth accumulated to such an extent that the city became a byword for riches beyond belief throughout the Arab world. Its people, the Sabeans – a group whose name bears the same etymological root as Saba – lived in South Arabia between the tenth and sixth centuries BC. Their main temple – Mahram Bilqis, or temple of the moon god (situated about three miles (5 km) from the capital city of Marib) – was so famous that it remained sacred even after the collapse of the Sabean civilisation in the sixth century BC – caused by the rerouting of the spice trail. By that point the dam, now in a poor state of repair, was finally breached. The irrigation system was lost, the people abandoned the site within a year or so, and the temple fell into disrepair and was eventually covered by sand. Saba was known by the Hebrews as Sheba [Note that the collapse of the dam was actually in 575 C.E., as shown in the timeline in the same article in the History Files, and attested by MacCulloch (2009)].
{{cite web}}: Tautan eksternal dalam|publisher= - ↑ Robert D. Burrowes (2010). Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 234–319. ISBN 978-0810855281.
- ↑ "Yemen's Marib: The city at the heart of a dirty war". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris (Britania)). 1 Disember 2021. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2024.
{{cite news}}: Periksa nilai tanggal dalam:|date=
- Durant, Will (1950). The Age of Faith: A History of Medieval Civilization -- Christian, Islamic, and Judaic -- from Constantine to Dante: A.D. 325-1300, The Story of Civilization, volume IV. Simon and Schuster.
- Korotayev, Andrey (1994). Apologia for "The Sabaean Cultural-Political Area" // Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 57: 469-474 Diarsipkan 2013-11-03 di Wayback Machine.
- MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2009). Christianity: the First Three Thousand Years, Viking Penguin.
Pranala luar
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