James F. Byrnes

James F. Byrnes
James F. Byrnes pada tahun 1941

Gubernur Carolina Selatan ke-104
Masa jabatan 16 Januari 1951 –18 Januari 1955
Wakil	George Bell Timmerman, Jr.
Pendahulu	Strom Thurmond
Pengganti	George Bell Timmerman, Jr.
Sekretaris Negara Amerika Serikat ke-49
Presiden	Harry S. Truman
Pendahulu	Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.
Pengganti	George C. Marshall
Direktur Pimpinan Mobilisasi Perang ke-1
Masa jabatan 27 Mei 1943 – 3 Juli 1945 sebagai Direktur Pimpinan Mobilisasi dam Rekonversi Perang: 3 Oktober 1944 – 3 Juli 1945
Presiden	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Pendahulu	Posisi didirikan
Pengganti	John W. Snyder
Direktur Pimpinan Stabilisasi Ekonomi ke-1
Masa jabatan 3 Oktober 1942 –27 Mei 1943
Presiden	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Pendahulu	Posisi didirikan
Pengganti	Fred M. Vinson
Asosiasi Hakim Dewan Supremasi Amerika Serikat
Dicalonkan oleh	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Pendahulu	James Clark McReynolds
Pengganti	Wiley Blount Rutledge
Senator Amerika Serikat dari Carolina Selatan
Masa jabatan 5 April 1931 –8 Juli 1941
Pendahulu	Coleman L. Blease
Pengganti	Alva M. Lumpkin
Anggota Gedung Representatif A.S. dari distrik Carolina Selatan ke-2
Masa jabatan 4 Maret 1911 –4 Maret 1925
Pendahulu	James O'H. Patterson
Pengganti	Butler B. Hare

Informasi pribadi
Lahir	James Francis Byrnes (1882-05-02)2 Mei 1882^[1] Charleston, Carolina Selatan, A.S.
Meninggal	9 April 1972(1972-04-09) (umur 89) Columbia, Carolina Selatan, A.S.
Makam	Gereja Episkopal Trinitas di Columbia, Carolina Selatan, A.S.
Partai politik	Demokrat; kemudian Republik
Suami/istri	Maude Perkins Busch Byrnes (menikah 1906 - 1972, kematiannya)
Orang tua	Elizabeth McSweeney Byrnes (ibu)

James Francis Byrnes (US /ˈbɜːrnz/; 2 Mei 1882 – 9 April 1972) adalah seorang politikus Amerika dari negara bagian Carolina Selatan. Selama kariernya, Byrnes menjabat sebagai Representatif A.S. (1911–1925), Senator A.S. (1931–1941), Hakim Dewan Supremasi (1941–1942), Sekretaris Negara (1945–1947), dan gubernur Carolina Selatan ke-104 (1951–1955).

Catatan kaki

↑ "Byrnes, James Francis". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Office of the Clerk. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal November 4, 2011. Diakses tanggal Januari 9, 2012.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

Referensi

Messed, Robert L. The End of an Alliance: James F. Byrnes, Roosevelt, Truman, and the Origins of the Cold War (1982).
Robertson, David. Sly and Able: A Political Biography of James F. Byrnes (1994)
Annotated bibliography for James Byrnes from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues Diarsipkan 2006-08-28 di Wayback Machine

Sumber primer

Byrnes, James. Speaking Frankly (1947)
Byrnes, James. All in One Lifetime (1958).

Bacaan tambahan

Abraham, Henry J., Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court. 3d. ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). ISBN 0-19-506557-3.
Cushman, Clare, The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies,1789–1995 (2nd ed.) (Supreme Court Historical Society), (Congressional Quarterly Books, 2001) ISBN 1-56802-126-7; ISBN 978-1-56802-126-3.
Frank, John P., The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions (Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) (Chelsea House Publishers: 1995) ISBN 0-7910-1377-4, ISBN 978-0-7910-1377-9.
Martin, Fenton S. and Goehlert, Robert U., The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography, (Congressional Quarterly Books, 1990). ISBN 0-87187-554-3.
Urofsky, Melvin I., The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary (New York: Garland Publishing 1994). 590 pp. ISBN 0-8153-1176-1; ISBN 978-0-8153-1176-8.

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai James Francis Byrnes.

Excerpts from Speaking Frankly on the subjects of: (Yalta Conference), (Potsdam Conference) ("Flash Player" is required)
James Francis Byrnes and U.S. Policy towards Germany 1945–1947 Diarsipkan 2008-07-05 di Wayback Machine Deutsch-Amerikanische Zentrum / James-F.-Byrnes-Institut e.V
Text of the famous "Stuttgart speech", September 6, 1946 The speech marked the change in U.S. occupation policy in Germany towards reconstruction.
Time Magazine, September 16, 1946. "Journey to Stuttgart"^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
SCIway Biography of James Francis Byrnes
NGA Biography of James Francis Byrnes Diarsipkan 2007-09-30 di Wayback Machine
James F. Byrnes at Find-A-Grave
Sebuah klip film Byrnes Sets U.S. Policy for Germany, 1946/09/10 (1946) dapat diunduh di Internet Archive[more]
Sebuah klip film Byrnes Wants All To Share Peacemaking, 1946/10/17 (1946) dapat diunduh di Internet Archive[more]
Sebuah klip film Byrnes Denies Atom Threat, 1946/10/10 (1946) dapat diunduh di Internet Archive[more]
James F. Byrnes memorial at Find a Grave
Annotated bibliography from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues Diarsipkan 2006-08-28 di Wayback Machine
James F. Byrnes Papers at Clemson University Special Collections Library

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat
Didahului oleh: James Patterson	Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat A.S. dari daerah pemilihan kongres ke-2 South Carolina 1911–1925	Diteruskan oleh: Butler Hare
Jabatan partai politik
Didahului oleh: Coleman Blease	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from South Carolina (Class 2) 1930, 1936	Diteruskan oleh: Burnet Maybank
Didahului oleh: Strom Thurmond	Democratic nominee for Governor of South Carolina 1950	Diteruskan oleh: George Timmerman
Senat Amerika Serikat
Didahului oleh: Coleman Blease	Senator Amerika Serikat (Kelas 2) dari South Carolina 1931–1941 Menjabat bersama dengan: Ed Smith	Diteruskan oleh: Alva Lumpkin
Didahului oleh: John Townsend	Chair of the Senate Contingent Expenses Audit Committee 1933–1941	Diteruskan oleh: Scott Lucas
Jabatan hukum
Didahului oleh: James McReynolds	Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States 1941–1942	Diteruskan oleh: Wiley Rutledge
Jabatan politik
Posisi baru	Director of the Office of Economic Stabilization 1942–1943	Diteruskan oleh: Fred Vinson
Posisi baru	Director of the Office of War Mobilization 1943–1945	Diteruskan oleh: John Snyder
Didahului oleh: Edward Stettinius	United States Secretary of State 1945–1947	Diteruskan oleh: George Marshall
Didahului oleh: Strom Thurmond	Governor of South Carolina 1951–1955	Diteruskan oleh: George Timmerman

Hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat

Ketua Mahkamah Agung

John Jay (1789–1795)
John Rutledge (1795)
Oliver Ellsworth (1796–1800)
John Marshall (1801–1835)
Roger Brooke Taney (1836–1864)
Salmon Portland Chase (1864–1873)
Morrison Remick Waite (1874–1888)
Melville Fuller (1888–1910)
Edward Douglass White (1910–1921)
William Howard Taft (1921–1930)
Charles Evans Hughes (1930–1941)
Harlan Fiske Stone (1941–1946)
Frederick Moore Vinson (1946–1953)
Earl Warren (1953–1969)
Warren E. Burger (1969–1986)
William Rehnquist (1986–2005)
John Roberts (sejak 2005)

Hakim Agung

J. Rutledge* (1790–1791)
Cushing (1790–1810)
Wilson (1789–1798)
Blair (1790–1795)
Iredell (1790–1799)
T. Johnson (1792–1793)
Paterson (1793–1806)
S. Chase (1796–1811)
Washington (1798–1829)
Moore (1800–1804)
W. Johnson (1804–1834)
Livingston (1807–1823)
Todd (1807–1826)
Duvall (1811–1835)
Story (1812–1845)
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Trimble (1826–1828)
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Baldwin (1830–1844)
Wayne (1835–1867)
Barbour (1836–1841)
Catron (1837–1865)
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Daniel (1842–1860)
Nelson (1845–1872)
Woodbury (1845–1851)
Grier (1846–1870)
Curtis (1851–1857)
Campbell (1853–1861)
Clifford (1858–1881)
Swayne (1862–1881)
Miller (1862–1890)
Davis (1862–1877)
Field (1863–1897)
Strong (1870–1880)
Bradley (1870–1892)
Hunt (1873–1882)
J. M. Harlan (1877–1911)
Woods (1881–1887)
Matthews (1881–1889)
Gray (1882–1902)
Blatchford (1882–1893)
L. Lamar (1888–1893)
Brewer (1890–1910)
Brown (1891–1906)
Shiras (1892–1903)
H. Jackson (1893–1895)
E. White* (1894–1910)
Peckham (1896–1909)
McKenna (1898–1925)
Holmes (1902–1932)
Day (1903–1922)
Moody (1906–1910)
Lurton (1910–1914)
Hughes* (1910–1916)
Van Devanter (1911–1937)
J. Lamar (1911–1916)
Pitney (1912–1922)
McReynolds (1914–1941)
Brandeis (1916–1939)
Clarke (1916–1922)
Sutherland (1922–1938)
Butler (1923–1939)
Sanford (1923–1930)
Stone* (1925–1941)
O. Roberts (1930–1945)
Cardozo (1932–1938)
Black (1937–1971)
Reed (1938–1957)
Frankfurter (1939–1962)
Douglas (1939–1975)
Murphy (1940–1949)
Byrnes (1941–1942)
R. Jackson (1941–1954)
W. Rutledge (1943–1949)
Burton (1945–1958)
Clark (1949–1967)
Minton (1949–1956)
J. M. Harlan II (1955–1971)
Brennan (1956–1990)
Whittaker (1957–1962)
Stewart (1958–1981)
B. White (1962–1993)
Goldberg (1962–1965)
Fortas (1965–1969)
T. Marshall (1967–1991)
Blackmun (1970–1994)
Powell (1972–1987)
Rehnquist* (1972–1986)
Stevens (1975–2010)
O'Connor (1981–2006)
Scalia (1986–2016)
Kennedy (1988–2018)
Souter (1990–2009)
Thomas (1991–kini)
Ginsburg (1993–2020)
Breyer (1994–2022)
Alito (2006–kini)
Sotomayor (2009–kini)
Kagan (2010–kini)
Gorsuch (2017–kini)
Kavanaugh (2018–kini)
Barrett (2020–kini)
K. Jackson (2022–kini)

*Juga menjabat sebagai Ketua Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat

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