Gyrista

Gyrista
Contoh Gyrista (searah jarum jam dari atas kiri): oomycota, alga cokelat, diatom, Develorapax.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Klad:	Diaphoretickes
Klad:	Sar
Klad:	Stramenopila
Filum:	Gyrista Cavalier-Smith 1998[1]
Subkelompok
Bigyromonada Developea Pirsonea Pseudofungi Oomycetes Hyphochytrea Ochrophyta (=Heterokontophyta) Chrysista Diatomista

Gyrista adalah sebuah filum protista heterokont yang mencakup tiga kelompok yang beragam: Ochrophyta yang hampir semuanya fotosintetik, Pseudofungi yang parasitik, dan sebuah kelompok nanoflagellata yang baru saja dideskripsikan, yaitu Bigyromonada. Anggota dalam filum ini dicirikan dengana danya sistem spiral atau spiral/cincin ganda pada wilayah transisi sliler.

Klasifikasi

Taksonomi Gyrista revisi 2018 adalah sebagai berikut,^[2] dengan mencakup kelas-kelas ochrophyta baru yang dideskripsikan pada 2020^[3] dan 2021:^[4]

• Subfilum Bigyromonada Cavalier-Smith 1998
  • Kelas Developea Aleoshin et al. ex Cavalier-Smith 2017 [=Bigyromonadea Cavalier-Smith 1997]
  • Kelas Pirsonea Cavalier-Smith 2017^[2]
• Subfilum Pseudofungi Cavalier-Smith 1986 [=Heterokontimycotina M.W. Dick 1976]
  • Kelas Hyphochytrea Cavalier-Smith 1986 [=Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker 1969]
  • Kelas Oomycetes Winter in Rabenhorst 1879 [=Oomycota Arx 1967; Peronosporomycetes M.W. Dick 2001]
• Subfilum Ochrophytina Cavalier-Smith 1995 [=Heterokontophyta van den Hoek et al. 1978; Stramenochromes Leipe et al. 1994]
  • Infrafilum Chrysista Cavalier-Smith 1991
    • Superkelas Limnistia Cavalier-Smith 1996 emend. 2006
      • Kelas Eustigmatophyceae Hibberd & Leedale (1971)
      • Kelas Chrysomonadea Saville-Kent 1881 stat. nov. Pascher 1910 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2017 [=Chrysophyceae Pascher 1914]
      • Kelas Picophagea Cavalier-Smith 2006 emend. 2017 [=Synchromophyceae Horn et al. 2007]
    • Superkelas Raphidoistia Cavalier-Smith 1986 orth. mut. 2006
      • Kelas Raphidomonadea Chadefaud ex Silva 1980
        • Subkelas Raphidophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
        • Subkelas Raphopoda Cavalier-Smith 2013
    • Superkelas Fucistia Cavalier-Smith 1995
      • Kelas Aurophyceae Cavalier-Smith 2013
        • Subkelas Aurearenophycidae Kai Yoshii Nakayama & Inouye 2008 (as Aurearenophyceae)^[5] stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2013^[6]
        • Subkelas Phaeothamniophycidae Andersen & Bailey 1998 (as Phaeothamniophyceae) stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2006
      • Kelas Chrysomerophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995
      • Kelas Chrysoparadoxophyceae Wetherbee et al. 2019
      • Kelas Phaeosacciophyceae R.A.Andersen L.Graf & H.S.Yoon 2020^[3]
      • Kelas Schizocladiophyceae Henry Okuda & Kawai 2003
      • Kelas Phaeophyceae Kjellman 1891 [=Fucophyceae Warming 1884; Melanophyceae Rabenhorst 1863]
        • Subkelas Discosporangiophycidae
        • Subkelas Ishigeophycidae Silberfeld F. Rousseau & Reviers 2014^[7]
        • Subkelas Dictyotophycidae Silberfeld F. Rousseau & Reviers 2014^[7]
        • Subkelas Fucophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986
      • Kelas Xanthophyceae Allorge ex Fritsch 1935 [=Tribophyceae Hibberd 1981;^[8] Heterokontae Luther 1899]
  • Infrafilum Diatomista Derelle et al. ex Cavalier-Smith 2017
    • Superkelas Hypogyrista Cavalier-Smith 1995 stat. nov. 2006
      • Kelas Dictyochophyceae Silva 1980 [=Dictyochia Haeckel 1894; Alophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2006]
        • Subkelas Pedinellia Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 2017 [=Actinochrysophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995; Axodines]
        • Subkelas Pelagophycidae Andersen & Saunders 1993 (as Pelagophyceae) ex Cavalier-Smith 2006
        • ?Subkelas Sulcophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 – ?Sulcochrysis^[a]
      • Kelas Pinguiophyceae Kawachi et al. 2002
    • Superkelas Khakista Cavalier-Smith 2000 stat. nov. 2017
      • Kelas Bolidophyceae
      • Kelas Diatomeae [=Bacillariophyceae]
        • Subkelas Corethrophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
        • Subkelas Rhizosoleniophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
        • Subkelas Eucentricophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2000
        • Subkelas Bacillariophycidae [=Pennatia Pennatia Schütt 1896; =Pennatophycidae]
  • Ochrophytina incertae sedis
    • Kelas Olisthodiscophyceae Barcytė Eikrem & M. Eliáš 2021^[4]

Referensi

1. ↑ Cavalier-Smith T (Agustus 1998). "A revised six-kingdom system of life". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 73 (3): 203–266. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x. PMID 9809012.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
2. 1 2 3
3. 1 2 Graf L, Yang EC, Han KY, Küpper FC, Benes KM, Oyadomari JK, Herbert RJH, Verbruggen H, Wetherbee R, Andersen RA, Yoon HS (Desember 2020). "Multigene Phylogeny, Morphological Observation and Re-examination of the Literature Lead to the Description of the Phaeosacciophyceae Classis Nova and Four New Species of the Heterokontophyta SI Clade". Protist. 171 (6) 125781. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2020.125781. PMID 33278705. S2CID 227315556.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
4. 1 2 3 Dovilė Barcytė; Wenche Eikrem; Anette Engesmo; Sergio Seoane; Jens Wohlmann; Aleš Horák; Tatiana Yurchenko; Marek Eliáš (2 Maret 2021). "Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta". Journal of Phycology. 57 (4): 1094–1118. Bibcode:2021JPcgy..57.1094B. doi:10.1111/jpy.13155. hdl:10852/86515. PMID 33655496.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
5. ↑ Kai A, Yoshii Y, Nakayama T, Inouye I (2008). "Aurearenophyceae classis nova, a New Class of Heterokontophyta Based on a New Marine Unicellular Alga Aurearena cruciata gen. et sp. nov. Inhabiting Sandy Beaches". Protist. 159 (3): 435–457. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.12.003. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 18358776.
6. 1 2 Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2012). "Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328–353. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002. PMID 23219323.
7. 1 2 Silberfeld T, Rousseau F, de Reviers B (2014). "An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)". Cryptogamie, Algologie. 35 (2): 117–156. doi:10.7872/crya.v35.iss2.2014.117. S2CID 86227768.
8. ↑ Hibberd DJ (Februari 1981). "Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the algal classes Eustigmatophyceae and Tribophyceae (synonym Xanthophyceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 82 (2): 93–119. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00954.x.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

1. ↑ Cavalier-Smith suggested that Sulcochrysis is possibly related to Olisthodiscus and grouped both genera within this subclass.^[6][2] However a study in 2021 reveals that Olisthodiscales is part of a new class Olisthodiscophyceae which includes only the genus Olisthodiscus. The position of the genus Sulcochrysis remains uncertain due to a lack of DNA sequences.^[4]