Perubahan suasana hati adalah perubahan suasana hati yang ekstrem atau mendadak.[1] Perubahan tersebut dapat memainkan peran positif atau mengganggu dalam mendukung pemecahan masalah dan menghasilkan perencanaan masa depan yang fleksibel.[2] Ketika perubahan suasana hati terjadi secara parah, kondisi ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai bagian dari penyakit mental, seperti gangguan bipolar, di mana perubahan suasana hati yang tidak menentu dan mengganggu menjadi ciri utamanya.[3]
Untuk menentukan masalah kesehatan mental, orang-orang biasanya menggunakan pencatatan dengan kertas, wawancara, atau ponsel pintar untuk melacak suasana hati/afek/emosi mereka.[4][5] Selain itu, perubahan suasana hati tidak hanya berfluktuasi antara mania dan depresi, melainkan dalam beberapa kondisi juga melibatkan kecemasan.[6][7]
Terminologi
Definisi dari istilah perubahan suasana hati, ketidakstabilan suasana hati, labilitas afektif, atau labilitas emosional umumnya serupa, yaitu menggambarkan suasana hati dan emosi yang berfluktuasi atau berosilasi. Namun, masing-masing memiliki karakteristik unik yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan fenomena atau pola osilasi tertentu.[8][9] Berbeda dari emosi atau afek,[10] suasana hati dikaitkan dengan respons emosional tanpa diketahui alasannya (tidak disadari).[11][12]
Dinamika suasana hati serta polanya dalam jangka panjang umumnya tidak menentu,[13] labil,[14] atau tidak stabil, yang juga dikenal sebagai eutimik.[15] Meskipun istilah perubahan suasana hati bersifat tidak spesifik, istilah ini dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan pola ketika suasana hati turun dari valensi positif ke negatif secara mendadak (tanpa jeda pada kondisi dasar) pada periode tertentu[16] dan umumnya memiliki pola aperiodik.[17][18] Hal ini karena dinamika suasana hati dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang dapat memperbesar atau memperkecil fluktuasi,[19] seperti saat ekspektasi menjadi kenyataan atau tidak.[20] Istilah lain untuk menggambarkan pola ini meliputi episodik, periodik, siklotimia, siklus cepat, kondisi campuran, episode pendek, spektrum ringan,[21] variasi diurnal, dan sebagainya, meskipun definisi dari setiap istilah tersebut mungkin belum jelas.[22]
Referensi
- ↑ Abdi, Husnul (27 Januari 2023). "Mood Swing Artinya dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Kenali Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya" [Mood swing artinya perubahan suasana hati.]. Liputan6.com. Diakses tanggal 3 Juli 2026.
- ↑ Peter Salovey et al, Emotional Intelligence (2004) hlm. 1974
- ↑ "BBC Science – When does your mental health become a problem?". BBC Science. 19 April 2013. Diakses tanggal 8 Januari 2015.
{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Faurholt-Jepsen, Maria; Munkholm, Klaus; Frost, Mads; Bardram, Jakob E.; Kessing, Lars Vedel (15 Januari 2016). "Electronic self-monitoring of mood using IT platforms in adult patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the validity and evidence". BMC Psychiatry. 16 7. doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0713-0. ISSN 1471-244X. PMC 4714425. PMID 26769120. Electronic self-monitoring of mood was considered valid compared to clinical rating scales for depression in six out of six studies, and in two out of seven studies compared to clinical rating scales for mania.
- ↑ Trull, Timothy J.; Solhan, Marika B.; Tragesser, Sarah L.; Jahng, Seungmin; Wood, Phillip K.; Piasecki, Thomas M.; Watson, David (2008). "Affective instability: Measuring a core feature of borderline personality disorder with ecological momentary assessment". Journal of Abnormal Psychology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 117 (3): 647–661. doi:10.1037/a0012532. ISSN 1939-1846. PMID 18729616. Measuring and characterizing the experience of affective instability have proved challenging, however. Traditional measures of affective instability rely on respondents' retrospective recall and subjective assess-ment of affective variability or reactivity on interview or questionnaire items.
- ↑ Harvey, Philip D.; Greenberg, Barbara R.; Serper, Mark R. (1989). "The affective lability scales: Development, reliability, and validity". Journal of Clinical Psychology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 45 (5): 786–793. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198909)45:5<786::AID-JCLP2270450515>3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 2808736. A self-report measure of changeable affect was developed, with a goal of identification of patterns of instability in mood. Scales measuring lability in anxiety, depression, anger, and hypomania, and labile shifts between anxiety and depression and hypomania and depression were constructed. These scales were then evaluated for internal consistency, retest reliability, score stability ...
- ↑ Contardi, Anna; Imperatori, Claudio; Amati, Italia; Balsamo, Michela; Innamorati, Marco (2018). "Assessment of Affect Lability: Psychometric Properties of the ALS-18". Frontiers in Psychology. 9 427. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00427. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 5885065. PMID 29651267. To measure affect lability, Harvey et al. (1989) developed the Affective Lability Scales (ALS), a 58-item questionnaire measuring changeability among euthymia and four affect states (i.e., depression, elation, anger, and anxiety).
- ↑ Ketal, R. (1975). "Affect, mood, emotion, and feeling: semantic considerations". American Journal of Psychiatry. 132 (11): 1215–1217. doi:10.1176/ajp.132.11.1215. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 1166902. ...the use and definitions of the terms "affect," "mood," "emotion," and "feeling" in some classical and contemporary works of psychiatry and psychology. He concludes that these words refer to distinct pscychological phenomena and suggests that they be used clearly and carefully to facilitate communication about emotions.
- ↑ Broome, M. R.; Saunders, K. E. A.; Harrison, P. J.; Marwaha, S. (2015). "Mood instability: significance, definition and measurement". The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science. 207 (4): 283–285. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.158543. ISSN 1472-1465. PMC 4589661. PMID 26429679. The literature spans psychiatry, psychology and neuroscience, and multiple terms are used to describe the same, or related phenomena, including affective instability, emotional dysregulation, mood swings, emotional impulsiveness and affective lability. Collating the main overlapping dimensions, definitions, and their measurement scales, a recent systematic review proposed that mood instability is 'rapid oscillations of intense affect, with a difficulty in regulating these oscillations or their behavioural consequences'.
- ↑ Manjunatha, Narayana; Khess, Christoday Raja Jayant; Ram, Dushad (2009). "The conceptualization of terms: 'Mood' and 'affect' in academic trainees of mental health". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 51 (4): 285–288. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.58295. ISSN 1998-3794. PMC 2802377. PMID 20048455. One would conclude from the above italic sentences of Fish that affect is a sudden exacerbation of emotion, and mood is also the emotional state prevailing at any given time, in other words, both mood and affect are short-term emotional tone (However, these confusing lines are deleted in the new edition of Fish's clinical psychopathology).
- ↑ "APA Dictionary of Psychology". dictionary.apa.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 18 Agustus 2023. Moods differ from emotions in lacking an object; for example, the emotion of anger can be aroused by an insult, but an angry mood may arise when one does not know what one is angry about or what elicited the anger.
- ↑ Leaberry, Kirsten D.; Walerius, Danielle M.; Rosen, Paul J.; Fogleman, Nicholas D. (2020), "Emotional Lability", Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Cham: Springer International Publishing, hlm. 1319–1329, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_510, ISBN 978-3-319-24610-9, S2CID 241582879." Previous literature suggests that mood often has a greater duration and is associated with an internal state value, whereas emotions are sudden and intense and are associated with greater environmental information value (Larsen et al. 2000).
- ↑ Kahmann, Daan (2022) Emotion dynamics in Tibetan monks and healthy Westerners. Bachelor's Thesis, Artificial Intelligence.university of groningen."Emotions can be very turbulent and are constantly changing."
- ↑ Klinkman, Michael S. (2007). "A whole new world: complexity theory and mood variability in mental disorders". Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 9 (3): 180–182. doi:10.4088/pcc.v09n0302. ISSN 1523-5998. PMC 1911185. PMID 17632649. Four of 5 normal controls displayed a circadian mood pattern with chaotic dynamics.
- ↑ Fava, Giovanni A.; Bech, Per (27 November 2015). "The Concept of Euthymia". Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 85 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1159/000441244. ISSN 0033-3190. PMID 26610048. S2CID 29087528. When a patient, in the longitudinal course of mood disturbances, no longer meets the threshold of a disorder such as depression or mania, as assessed by categorical methods resulting in diagnostic criteria or by cutoff points in the dimensional measurement of rating scales, he or she is often labeled as euthymic.
{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ "APA Dictionary of Psychology". dictionary.apa.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 1 September 2023. a nonspecific term for any oscillation in mood, particularly between feelings of happiness and sadness.
{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Katerndahl, David; Ferrer, Robert; Best, Rick; Wang, Chen-Pin (2007). "Dynamic patterns in mood among newly diagnosed patients with major depressive episode or panic disorder and normal controls". Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 9 (3): 183–187. doi:10.4088/pcc.v09n0303. ISSN 1523-5998. PMC 1911176. PMID 17632650. Complexity of symptoms or behaviors in an individual is often characterized by the dynamics of the individual's longitudinal patterns. While periodic/linear temporal patterns are predictable in both trajectory and pattern, chaotic patterns are predictable in pattern only. Random dynamics are predictable in neither trajectory nor pattern.
- ↑ Cowdry, R. W.; Gardner, D. L.; O'Leary, K. M.; Leibenluft, E.; Rubinow, D. R. (1991). "Mood variability: a study of four groups". American Journal of Psychiatry. 148 (11): 1505–1511. doi:10.1176/ajp.148.11.1505. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 1928464. The visual analog scale can capture patterns of mood and mood variability thought to be typical of these diagnostic groups. Mood disorders differ not only in the degree of abnormal mood but also in the pattern of mood variability, suggesting that mechanisms regulating mood stability may differ from those regulating overall mood state.
- ↑ Pessiglione, Mathias; Heerema, Roeland; Daunizeau, Jean; Vinckier, Fabien (1 April 2023). "Origins and consequences of mood flexibility: a computational perspective". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 147 105084. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105084. ISSN 0149-7634. PMID 36764635. S2CID 256666316. We typically have little control over fluctuations between episodes of good and bad mood. In most cases, we also have little understanding of the causal factors driving our mood fluctuations, contrary to emotional reactions that are circumscribed to a specific trigger and limited to a short duration.
{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link) - ↑ Eldar, Eran; Rutledge, Robb B.; Dolan, Raymond J.; Niv, Yael (1 Januari 2016). "Mood as Representation of Momentum". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 20 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.010. ISSN 1364-6613. PMC 4703769. PMID 26545853. The main conclusion of the study was that happiness depends not on how well things are going (in terms of cumulative earnings) but whether they are going better than expected.
- ↑ Perugi, Giulio; Akiskal, Hagop S. (2002). "The soft bipolar spectrum redefined: focus on the cyclothymic, anxious-sensitive, impulse-dyscontrol, and binge-eating connection in bipolar II and related conditions". The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 25 (4): 713–737. doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(02)00023-0. ISSN 0193-953X. PMID 12462857. The bipolar II spectrum represents the most common phenotype of bipolarity. Numerous studies indicate that in clinical settings this soft spectrum might be as common--if not more common than--major depressive disorders.
- ↑ Bowen, Rudy; Clark, Malin; Baetz, Marilyn (1 Maret 2004). "Mood swings in patients with anxiety disorders compared with normal controls". Journal of Affective Disorders. 78 (3): 185–192. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00304-X. ISSN 0165-0327. PMID 15013242. Difficulties with measurement, and unclear definitions for terms like cyclothymia, rapid cycling, mixed states, short episodes, and soft spectrum have contributed to the uncertainty (Akiskal et al., 2000, Blacker and Tsuang, 1992, Cassano et al., 1999, Ghaemi et al., 2001).