| Ular karang | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ular karang timur (Micrurus fulvius) | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Kelas: | Reptilia |
| Ordo: | Squamata |
| Subordo: | Serpentes |
| Superfamili: | Elapoidea |
| Famili: | Elapidae |
Ular karang adalah sebutan untuk berbagai jenis ular-ular berbisa berwarna cerah, yang semuanya diklasifikasikan sebagai bagian dari famili Elapidae. Ular karang tersebar di Benua Amerika dan Asia. Di Indonesia, spesies ular yang juga disebut "ular karang" di antaranya adalah ular cabai (Calliophis intestinalis) dan ular cabai besar (Calliophis bivirgatus).
Klasifikasi
Genus Calliophis (Gray, 1834)
- Calliophis beddomei SMITH, 1943
- Calliophis bibroni (JAN, 1858)
- Calliophis bilineata (PETERS, 1881)
- Calliophis bivirgatus (BOIE, 1827) - Ular cabai besar
- Calliophis castoe SMITH, OGALE, DEEPAK & GIRI, 2012
- Calliophis gracilis GRAY, 1834
- Calliophis haematoetron SMITH, MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI & SOMAWEERA, 2008
- Calliophis intestinalis (LAURENTI, 1768) - Ular cabai
- Calliophis maculiceps (GÜNTHER, 1858)
- Calliophis melanurus (SHAW, 1802)
- Calliophis nigrescens (GÜNTHER, 1862)
- Calliophis philippina (GÜNTHER, 1864)
- Calliophis salitan BROWN, SMART, LEVITON & SMITH, 2018
- Calliophis suluensis (STEINDACHNER, 1891)
Genus Hemibungarus (Peters, 1862)
- Hemibungarus calligaster (WIEGMANN, 1835)
- Hemibungarus gemianulis (PETERS, 1872)
- Hemibungarus mcclungi (TAYLOR, 1922)
Genus Micruroides (K.P. Schmidt, 1928)
- Micruroides euryxanthus (KENNICOTT, 1860) - Ular-karang Arizona
Genus Micrurus (Wagler, 1824)
- Micrurus albicinctus AMARAL, 1925
- Micrurus alleni SCHMIDT, 1936
- Micrurus altirostris (COPE, 1860)
- Micrurus ancoralis JAN, 1872
- Micrurus annellatus PETERS, 1871
- Micrurus averyi SCHMIDT, 1939
- Micrurus baliocoryphus (COPE, 1860)
- Micrurus bernadi (COPE, 1887)
- Micrurus bocourti (JAN, 1872)
- Micrurus bogerti ROZE, 1967
- Micrurus boicora BERNARDE, TURCI, ABEGG & FRANCO, 2018
- Micrurus brasiliensis ROZE, 1967
- Micrurus browni SCHMIDT & SMITH, 1943
- Micrurus camilae RENJIFO & LUNDBERG, 2003
- Micrurus circinalis (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
- Micrurus clarki SCHMIDT, 1936
- Micrurus collaris (SCHLEGEL, 1837)
- Micrurus corallinus (MERREM, 1820)
- Micrurus decoratus (JAN, 1858)
- Micrurus diana ROZE, 1983
- Micrurus diastema (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
- Micrurus dissoleucus COPE, 1860
- Micrurus distans KENNICOTT, 1860
- Micrurus diutius (BURGER, 1955)
- Micrurus dumerilii JAN, 1858
- Micrurus elegans JAN, 1858
- Micrurus ephippifer (COPE, 1886)
- Micrurus filiformis (GÜNTHER, 1859)
- Micrurus frontalis DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854
- Micrurus fulvius (LINNAEUS, 1766) - Ular-karang timur
- Micrurus hemprichii (JAN, 1858)
- Micrurus hippocrepis (PETERS, 1862)
- Micrurus ibiboboca (MERREM, 1820)
- Micrurus isozonus (COPE, 1860)
- Micrurus langsdorffi (WAGLER, 1824)
- Micrurus laticollaris PETERS, 1870
- Micrurus latifasciatus SCHMIDT, 1933
- Micrurus lemniscatus (LINNAEUS, 1758)
- Micrurus limbatus FRASER, 1964
- Micrurus margaritiferus ROZE, 1967
- Micrurus medemi ROZE, 1967
- Micrurus meridensis ROZE, 1989
- Micrurus mertensi SCHMIDT, 1936
- Micrurus mipartitus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
- Micrurus mosquitensis SCHMIDT, 1933
- Micrurus multifasciatus JAN, 1858
- Micrurus multiscutatus RENDAHL & VESTERGREN, 1940
- Micrurus narduccii (JAN, 1863)
- Micrurus nattereri SCHMIDT, 1952
- Micrurus nebularis ROZE, 1989
- Micrurus nigrocinctus (GIRARD, 1854)
- Micrurus obscurus (JAN, 1872)
- Micrurus oligoanellatus AYERBE & LÓPEZ, 2005
- Micrurus ornatissimus (JAN, 1858)
- Micrurus pacaraimae MORATO DE CARVALHO, 2002
- Micrurus pachecogili CAMPBELL, 2000
- Micrurus paraensis DA CUNHA & NASCIMENTO, 1973
- Micrurus peruvianus SCHMIDT, 1936
- Micrurus petersi ROZE, 1967
- Micrurus potyguara PIRES, DA SILVA Jr, FEITOSA, PRUDENTE, PREIRA-FILHO & ZAHER, 2014
- Micrurus proximans SMITH & CHRAPLIWY, 1958
- Micrurus psyches (DAUDIN, 1803)
- Micrurus putumayensis LANCINI, 1962
- Micrurus pyrrhocryptus (COPE, 1862)
- Micrurus remotus ROZE, 1987
- Micrurus renjifoi (LAMAR, 2003)
- Micrurus ruatanus (GÜNTHER, 1895)
- Micrurus sangilensis NICEFORO MARIA, 1942
- Micrurus scutiventris (COPE, 1869)
- Micrurus serranus HARVEY, APARICIO & GONZALEZ, 2003
- Micrurus silviae DI BERNARDO, BORGES-MARTINS & DA SILVA, 2007
- Micrurus spixii WAGLER, 1824
- Micrurus spurrelli (BOULENGER, 1914)
- Micrurus steindachneri (WERNER, 1901)
- Micrurus stewarti BARBOUR & AMARAL, 1928
- Micrurus stuarti ROZE, 1967
- Micrurus surinamensis (CUVIER, 1817)
- Micrurus tener BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853 - Ular-karang Texas
- Micrurus tikuna FEITOSA, DA SILVA Jr, PIRES, ZAHER & PRUDENTE, 2015
- Micrurus tschudii JAN, 1858
Genus Sinomicrurus (Slowinski, Boundy & Lawson, 2001)
- Sinomicrurus hatori (TAKAHASHI, 1930)
- Sinomicrurus houi WANG, PENG & HUANG, 2018
- Sinomicrurus japonicus (GÜNTHER, 1868)
- Sinomicrurus kelloggi (POPE, 1928)
- Sinomicrurus macclellandi (REINHARDT, 1844)
- Sinomicrurus sauteri (STEINDACHNER, 1913)
Referensi
- Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ)... Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Elaps, 28 species, pp. 411–433 + Plate XX.)
- Roze, J.A. 1996. Coral Snakes of the Americas: Biology, Identification, and Venoms. Krieger. Malabar, Florida. 340 pp. ISBN978-0894648472.
- Tanaka G. D., Furtado Md. F. D., Portaro F. C. V., Sant'Anna O. A. & Tambourgi D. V. (2010). "Diversity of Micrurus Snake Species Related to Their Venom Toxic Effects and the Prospective of Antivenom Neutralization". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4(3): e622. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000622
- (Spanyol) Universidad de Costa Rica (2009). El envenenamiento por mordedura de serpiente en Centroamérica ("Snakebite poisonings in Central America"). San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica.