| Thubten Gyatso | |
|---|---|
| 13th Dalai Lama | |
 | |
| Reign | 31 Juli 1879 – 17 Desember 1933 |
| Pendahulu | Trinley Gyatso, Dalai Lama ke-12 |
| Penerus | Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama ke-14 |
| Tibetan | ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ |
| Wylie | thub bstan rgya mtsho |
| Pronunciation | [tʰuptɛ̃catsʰɔ] |
| THDL | Thubten Gyatso |
| Tionghoa | 土登嘉措 |
| Pinyin | Tudeng Jiācuò |
| Lahir | (1876-02-12)12 Februari 1876 Thakpo Langdun, Ü-Tsang, Tibet |
| Wafat | 17 Desember 1933(1933-12-17) (umur 57) Lhasa, Tibet |
Thubten Gyatso (Tibet: ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་; Wylie: Thub Bstan Rgya Mtsho; 12 Februari 1876 – 17 Desember 1933) adalah Dalai Lama Tibet ke-13.[1]
Keluarga
Dalai Lama ke-13 lahir dekat Monastri Sam-ye, provinsi Tak-po, pada tahun 1876 [2] dari orang tua bernama Kunga Rinchen dan Lobsang Dolma.[3]
Referensi
- ↑ Sheel, R. N. Rahul. "The Institution of the Dalai Lama". The Tibet Journal, Dharamsala, India. Vol. XIV No. 3. Autumn 1989, p. 28. ISSN 0970-5368
- ↑ Bell (1946); p. 40-41
- ↑ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2014-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-05.
Catatan kaki
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Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Bell, Charles (1946) Portrait of a Dalai Lama: the Life and Times of the Great Thirteenth by Charles Alfred Bell, Sir Charles Bell, Publisher: Wisdom Publications (MA), January 1987, ISBN 978-0-86171-055-3 (first published as Portrait of the Dalai Lama: London: Collins, 1946).
- Bell, Charles (1924) Tibet: Past and Present. Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Bell, Charles (1931) The Religion of Tibet. Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Gelek, Surkhang Wangchen. 1982. "Tibet: The Critical Years (Part 1) "The Thirteenth Dalai Lama". The Tibet Journal. Vol. VII, No. 4. Winter 1982, pp. 11–19.
- Goldstein, Melvyn C. A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951: the demise of the Lamaist state (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989) ISBN 978-0-520-07590-0
- Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation, pp. 376–451. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, New Mexico. ISBN 1-57416-092-3.
- Richardson, Hugh E.(1984): Tibet & its History. Boulder and London: Shambala. ISBN 0-87773-292-2.
- Samten, Jampa. (2010). "Notes on the Thirteenth Dalai Lama's Confidential Letter to the Tsar of Russia." In: The Tibet Journal, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 357–370.
- Smith, Warren (1997):Tibetan Nation. New Delhi: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-8133-3155-2
- Tamm, Eric Enno. "The Horse That Leaps Through Clouds: A Tale of Espionage, the Silk Road and the Rise of Modern China." Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2010, Chapter 17 & 18. ISBN 978-1-55365-269-4. See http://horsethatleaps.com
- Tsering Shakya (1999): The Dragon in the Land of Snows. A History of Modern Tibet since 1947. London:Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-6533-1
- The Wonderful Rosary of Jewels. An official biography compiled for the Tibetan Government, completed in February 1940
| Jabatan Buddha | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh: Trinley Gyatso, Dalai Lama ke-12 |
Dalai Lama 1879–1933 |
Diteruskan oleh: Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama ke-14 |
