Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.
._Bar_Kochba_(1927),_Paris.jpg)  | |
Temple name (en)  | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
|---|---|
| Posthumous name (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Biografi | |
| Kelompok | manusia |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Kelahiran | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. 1 abad M Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kematian | 135 (Kalender Masehi Gregorius) Betar () |
| Penyebab kematian | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tempat pemakaman | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Data pribadi | |
| Kelompok etnik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Ideologi politik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Agama | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pendidikan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tangan utama | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Warna mata | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Warna rambut | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kegiatan | |
| Tesis akademis | [Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.] (Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.) |
| Penasihat doktoral | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Spesialisasi | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pekerjaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Periode | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Periode aktif | (Floruit: Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.) |
| Bekerja di | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Partai politik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tertarik dengan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Genre | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Aliran | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Murid dari | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Dipengaruhi oleh | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Nama pena | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Diwakili oleh | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Gaji pokok | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Total kekayaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kesetiaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Cabang militer | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pangkat militer | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Komando | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Konflik | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Time in space (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Aktivitas luar kendaraan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| P450 | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Ordo keagamaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Priestly ordination in the Roman rite (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Konsekrasi | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Celebration (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Ziarah | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tanggal perayaan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Iconographic symbol (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Domain of saint or deity (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tipe suara | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Instrumen | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Label rekaman | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Related artists (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Musical conductor (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Patron of the arts (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Membela negara (untuk olahraga) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Olahraga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Disiplin olahraga berkompetisi pada | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Competition class (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Liga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Posisi dalam tim | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tangan main | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Nomor punggung | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Co-driver (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kepala pelatih | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Drafted by (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kit supplier (en) | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| 132 | Perang Bar Kokhba |
| Karya kreatif | |
| Murid doktoral | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Singkatan nama ahli botani | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Singkatan nama zoologi | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Lain-lain | |
| Gelar bangsawan | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Keluarga | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Pasangan nikah | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kekasih | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Anak | Kesalahan ekspresi: Operator < tak terduga |
| Orang tua | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'., Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Saudara | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Kerabat | Eleazar of Modi'im (en) (paman) |
| Tuntutan hukum yang diterima | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Dinyatakan bersalah atas | Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. |
| Tanda tangan [[Berkas:Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.|220x250px|alt=]] | |
[[Berkas:Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.|100px|alt= Lambang kebesaran Simon bar Kokhba]] | |
| Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. Lua error in mw.lua at line 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'.  | |
Simon bar Kokhba adalah seorang pemimpin militer Yahudi yang memimpin perang Bar Kokhba melawan Romawi pada 132 M, membentuk sebuah negara Israel yang merdeka yang dipimpinnya selama tiga tahun sebagai Nasi ("pangeran," atau "presiden"). Negaranya ditaklukkan oleh orang-orang Romawi pada 135 M setelah perang selama dua tahun. Aslinya ia bernama Simon Bar Koziba, tetapi ia diberi nama Bar Kokhba (dalam bahasa Aram berarti "Putra Bintang", yang mengacu kepada ayat Alkitab dari Kitab Bilangan 24:17, "bintang terbit dari Yakub") oleh orang sezamannya, orang bijak Yahudi Rabi Akiba, yang merenungkan kemungkinan bahwa Bar Kokhba kemungkinan adalah Mesias Yahudi yang telah lama dinantikan. (Sebagian orang menganggap Kozeba, berarti "penipu", sebuah julukan rabinik untuk pemberontak itu.)
Revolusi Yahudi Kedua
Karena kegagalan Revolusi Besar Yahudi sebelumnya di provinsi-provinsi timur Kekaisaran romawi, dukungan Bar Kokhba umumnya terbatas pada provinsi Yudea di bawah Roma. Meskipun mulanya berhasil, revolusinya dihancurkan secara brutal oleh Kaisar Hadrian: Bar Kokhba dan para pengikutnya terbunuh dalam sebuah pertempuran terakhir yang dramatis di benteng Betar, di barat daya Yerusalem. Banyak pendukungnya yang dihukum mati, antara lain Rabi Akiba. Namun, ini adalah kemenangan yang mahal untuk Roma, dan para jenderalnya, ketika melapor kepada Senat, tidak memulainya dengan salam yang lazim: "Aku dan pasukan-pasukanku sehat wal-afiat." Setelah kekalahan Bar Kokhba, Yerusalem dijarah, orang-orang Yahudi dilarang tinggal di sana, dan sebuah kota Romawi baru, Aelia Capitolina, dibangun di atasnya. Hadrian mengganti nama Provincia Iudaea menjadi Provincia Syria Palaestina.
Dalam beberapa dekade yang lalu, banyak bermunculan informasi baru megenai revolusi ini, terutama berkat penemuan sejumlah koleksi surat, sebagian mungkin oleh Bar Kokhba sendiri, di gua-gua yang menghadap ke Laut Mati. Surat-surat ini kini dapat dilihat di Museum Israel.
Bar Kokhba dalam karya seni
Bar Kokhba dijadikan tema sebuah operetta, Bar Kokhba, yang ditulis oleh Abraham Goldfaden antara tahun 1883 dan 1885. Karya ini ditulis menjelang pogrom setelah pembunuhan atas diri Czar Alexander II dari Rusia pada 1881 ketika terjadi arus balik melawan emansipasi Yahudi.
Lihat pula
Referensi
Bibliografi
- W. Eck, 'The Bar Kokhba Revolt: the Roman point of view' in the Journal of Roman Studies 89 (1999) 76ff.
- David Goodblatt, Avital Pinnick and Daniel Schwartz: Historical Perspectives: From the Hasmoneans to the Bar Kohkba Revolt In Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Boston: Brill: 2001: ISBN 90-04-12007-6
- Richard Marks: The Image of Bar Kokhba in Traditional Jewish Literature: False Messiah and National Hero: University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press: 1994: ISBN 0-271-00939-X
- Leibel Reznick: The Mystery of Bar Kokhba: Northvale: J.Aronson: 1996: ISBN 1-56821-502-9
- Peter Schafer: The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: Tübingen: Mohr: 2003: ISBN 3-16-148076-7
- David Ussishkin: "Archaeological Soundings at Betar, Bar-Kochba's Last Stronghold", in: Tel Aviv. Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 20 (1993) 66ff.
- Yigael Yadin: Bar Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome: London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson: 1971: ISBN 0-297-00345-3
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Simon bar Kokhba.
- Video Lecture on Bar Kochba by Henry Abramson
- Cave of Letters on Nova
- The Bar-Kokhba Revolt (132–135 C.E.) by Shira Schoenberg
- Bar Kochba Diarsipkan 2007-06-30 di Wayback Machine with links to all sources (livius.org)