Lockheed P-38 Lightning

Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Pesawat Lockheed P-38J Lightning "Yippee"
Informasi umum
Jenis	Pesawat tempur Pesawat tempur pengebom
Pabrikan	Lockheed Corporation
Perancang	Clarence "Kelly" Johnson
Sejarah
Diproduksi	1941-45
Tanggal perkenalan	Juli 1941
Pensiun	1949 (United States Air Force) 1965 (Honduran Air Force)

Lockheed P-38 Lightning adalah sebuah pesawat tempur berkursi tunggal dan bermesin ganda buatan Amerika Serikat yang dirancang oleh Clarence "Kelly" Johnson pada akhir tahun 1930-an dan digunakan selama Perang Dunia II. Selain bertugas sebagai pesawat tempur umum, P-38 Lightning juga sangat efektif difungsikan sebagai pesawat tempur pengebom, pesawat tempur malam, dan sebagai pengawal pembom jarak jauh ketika dilengkapi dengan tangki bahan bakar tambahan.

Referensi

• Abela, Stephen. "Airfield Tales: Lincolnshire’s wartime legacy." Diarsipkan 2007-08-04 di Wayback Machine www.jamesabela.co.uk (Video documentary), 2006.
• Bodie, Warren M. The Lockheed P-38 Lightning: The Definitive Story of Lockheed's P-38 Fighter. Hayesville, North Carolina: Widewing Publications, 2001, 1991. ISBN 0-9629359-5-6.
• Boyne, Walter J. Silver wings: A History of the United States Air Force. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. ISBN 0-671-78537-0.
• Bruning, John R. Jungle Ace. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2003. ISBN 1-61234-086-5.
• Caidin, Martin. Fork-tailed Devil. New York: Ballantine Books, 1983. ISBN 0-345-31292-9.
• Cain, Charles W. and Mike Jerram. Fighters of World War II. New York: Exeter Books, 1979. ISBN 0-89673-026-3.
• Cesarani, David and Sarah Kavanaugh. Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies, Volume 5. Abingdon, Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0-415-31871-8.
• Christy, Joe and Jeffrey L. Ethell. P-38 Lightning at War. New York: Scribners, 1977. ISBN 0-684-15740-3.
• Dimensione cielo. Caccia Assalto 3 - aerei italiani nella 2a guerra mondiale (in Italian). Rome: Edizioni Bizzarri, 1973. NO ISBN.
• Donald, David, ed. "Lockheed P-38 Lightning." The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada: Prospero Books, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
• Dorr, Robert F. and David Donald. Fighters of the US Air Force: From World War I Pursuits to the F-117. New York: Military Press, 1990. ISBN 0-517-66994-3.
• Ethell, Jeffrey L. P-38 Lightning in World War II Color. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1994. ISBN 0-87938-868-4.
• Ethell, Jeffrey L. et al. "P-38 Lightning." The Great Book of World War II Airplanes (Originally published as 12 separate volumes for each individual aircraft). Tokyo: Bonanza Books, 1984. ISBN 0-517-45993-0.
• Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987. (Originally published by Putnam Aeronautical Books, London). ISBN 978-0-87021-897-2.
• Galland. Adolf. The First and The Last: The Rise and Fall of the German Fighter Forces, 1938–1945. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1954. No ISBN.
• Gunston, Bill. Aircraft of World War II. New York: Crescent Books, 1980. ISBN 0-517-31680-3.
• Gunston, Bill. The Illustrated History of Fighters. New York: Pocket Books, 1981. ISBN 0-671-05655-7.
• Hatch, Herbert. An Ace and his Angel: Memoirs of a World War II Fighter Pilot. Nashville, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 1-56311-574-3.
• Hearn, Chester G. Air Force: An Illustrated History: The U.S. Air Force from 1907 to the 21st Century. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 2008. ISBN 0-7603-3308-4.
• Holls, Dave and Michael Lamm. A Century of Automotive Style: 100 Years of American Car Design. Stockton, California: Lamm-Morada Publishing Co., 1996. ISBN 978-0-932128-07-2.
• Kaplan, Philip and Andy Saunders. Little Friends: The Fighter Pilot Experience in World War II England. New York: Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-394-58434-1.
• Kenney, George C. General Kenney Reports: A Personal History of the Pacific War. Darby, Pennsylvania: DIANE, 1997, First edition 1949. ISBN 0-912799-44-7.
• Kirkland, Richard. War Pilot: True Tales of Combat and Adventure. New York: Ballantine Books, 2003. ISBN 0-345-45812-5.
• Knaack, Marcelle Size. Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume 1 Post-World War II Fighters 1945–1973. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978. ISBN 0-912799-59-5.
• Maloney, Edward T. Lockheed P-38 "Lightning", Aero Series Vol. 19, Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1968.
• McFarland, Stephen L. A Concise History of the U.S. Air Force. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative edition 1997. ISBN 0-16-049208-4.
• Neulen, Hans Werner. In the Skies of Europe. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-799-1.
• Of Men and Stars: A History of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1913–1957. Burbank, California: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1958.
• Schiff, Stacy. Saint-Exupéry: A Biography. New York: Henry Holt 2006, First edition 1994. ISBN 978-0-679-40310-4.
• Schom, Alan. The Eagle and the Rising Sun: The Japanese–American War, 1941–1943, Pearl Harbor Through Guadalcanal. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004. ISBN 0-393-04924-8.
• Schnitzler, R., G.W. Feuchter and R. Schulz, eds. Handbuch der Luftfahrt (Manual of Aviation) (in German). Munich: J.F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1939.
• Scutts, Jerry. Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85532-448-2.
• Scutts, Jerry. Lockheed P-38 Lightning. London: The Crowood Press, 2006. ISBN 1-86126-770-3.
• Sgarlato, Nico. "I P-38 Italiani. (in Italian)". Aerei Nella Storia n.21, December 2000.
• Sims, Edward H. Fighter Tactics and Strategy 1914–1970. Fallbrook, California: Aero publisher Inc., 1980. ISBN 0-8168-8795-0.
• Spick, Mike. Fighter Pilot Tactics: The Techniques of Daylight Air Combat. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens, 1983. ISBN 0-85059-617-3.
• Spick, Mike. The Illustrated Directory of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: Salamander Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7603-1343-1.
• Stanaway, John C. P-38 Lightning Aces of the Pacific and CBI. New York: Osprey, 1997. ISBN 1-85532-633-7.
• Stanaway, John C. P-38 Lightning Aces of the ETO/MTO. London: Osprey Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-85532-698-1.
• Stanaway, John C. P-39 Airacobra Aces of World War 2. London: Osprey Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84176-204-0.
• Thompson, J. Steve with Peter C. Smith. Air Combat Manoeuvres: The Technique and History of Air Fighting for Flight Simulation. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-903223-98-7.
• Thornborough, Anthony M. and Peter E. Davies. Lockheed Blackbirds. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1988. ISBN 978-0-7110-1794-8.
• Tillman, Barrett. Brassey's D-Day Encyclopedia: The Normandy Invasion A–Z. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books (formerly Brassey's, Inc.), 2004. ISBN 1-57488-760-2.
• United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1987.
• Villagrán Kramer, Francisco. Biografía política de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala City: Guatemala: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), 1993. ISBN 978-99939-72-01-3

Pranala luar

• Manual: (1943) AN 01-75FF-2 Erection and Maintenance Instructions for Army Model P-38L-1 Airplane
• United States Air Force Museum P-38 page
• "German Pilots Renamed It: Gabelschwanz Teufel (Fork-tailed Devil)", Popular Science, September 1943 Diarsipkan 2012-10-10 di Wayback Machine
• YouTube - Lockheed P-38 Flight Characteristics (1943 footage)
• "The Lockheed Lightning" a 1943 Flight article
• "Jap-hunting without a Gun!" a 1943 Lockheed advertisement in Flight* Manual: (1943) AN 01-75FF-2 Erection and Maintenance Instructions for Army Model P-38L-1 Airplane
• United States Air Force Museum P-38 page
• "German Pilots Renamed It: Gabelschwanz Teufel (Fork-tailed Devil)", Popular Science, September 1943 Diarsipkan 2012-10-10 di Wayback Machine
• YouTube - Lockheed P-38 Flight Characteristics (1943 footage)
• "The Lockheed Lightning" a 1943 Flight article
• "Jap-hunting without a Gun!" a 1943 Lockheed advertisement in Flight

l b s Pesawat Lockheed dan Lockheed Martin
Daftar Pesawat dan
Sebutan Produsen	Nomor Model Dasar: L-1 · L-2 · L-3 · L-4 · L-5 · L-7 · L-8 · L-9 · L-10 · L-11 · L-012 · (L-013 tidak ditetapkan) · L-014 · L-015 · L-016 · L-017 · L-018 · L-019 · L-020 · L-021 · L-022 · L-023 · L-024 · (L-025 tidak ditetapkan) · L-026 · L-027 · (L-028 tidak ditetapkan) · L-029 · L-030 · L-031 · L-032 · L-033 · L-034 · L-035 · (L-036 tidak ditetapkan) · L-037 · (L-038 dan L-039 tidak ditetapkan) · L-040 · L-041 · L-042 · L-044 · L-045 · L-049 · L-050 · L-051 · L-052 · L-060 · L-061 · L-062 · L-075 · L-080 · L-081 · L-082 · L-083 · L-084 · L-085 · L-086 · L-087 · L-088 · L-089 · L-090 · L-091 · L-092 · L-093 · L-094 · L-092 · L-099 · L-100 · L-193 · L-245 · L-246 · L-300 · L-329 · L-351 · L-382 · L-500 · L-645 Angka desain Sementara Lockheed California: CL-282 CL-288 CL-295 CL-320 CL-325 CL-329 CL-346 CL-379 CL-400 CL-407 CL-475 CL-595 CL-704 CL-760 CL-823 CL-901 CL-915 CL-934 CL-981 CL-984 CL-985 CL-1026 CL-1195 CL-1200 CL-1400 CL-1600 CL-1700 CL-1800 CL-1980
Berdasarkan tugas	Airliner dan transport sipil Vega Sirius Altair Orion Electra Electra Junior Super Electra Lodestar Constellation (L-049 L-649 L-749) Super Constellation (L-1049 L-1249) Starliner Saturn Electra L-402 JetStar L-100 L-1011 Transport militer Y1C-12 Y1C-17 Y1C-23 Y1C-25 C-36 C-37 C-40 C-56 C-57 C-59 C-60 C-63 C-66 C-69 UC-85 UC-101 C-104 C-111 C-121 C-130 / C-130J / HC-130 / KC-130 / LC-130 / MC-130 C-139 C-140 C-141 C-5 JO XRO R2O R3O XR4O R5O R6O / R6V R7O / R7V R8V / GV / UV TriStar Pesawat penyerang dan pengebom Y1A-9 A-28 A-29 XB-30 B-34 B-37 AC-130 A-4AR F-117 FB-22 Drone Q-5 Q-12/D-21 MQM-105 P-175 RQ-3 RQ-170 See also: DC-130 EW dan pengintai O-56 F-4 F-5 F-14 YO-3 EC-121 EC-130 / EC-130H WC-130 EP-3 RB-69 U-2 / TR-1 A-12 SR-71 PO / WV XW2V Pesawat tempur XFM-2 XPB-3 YP-24 P-38 XP-49 XP-58 P/F-80 XF-90 F-94 F-97 F-104 YF-12 F-16 YF-22 F-22 F-35 FO XFV Helikopter CL-475 XH-51 AH-56 VH-71 Patroli maritim PBO PV P2V P-2 P3V P-3 P-7 S-3 CP-122 CP-140 Pesawat latih AT-18 T-33 T-40 TO / TV T2V / T-1 Eksperimental M-21 NF-104A QT-2 Senior Prom XC-35 XF-104 VZ-10 / XV-4 X-7 X-17 X-26B X-27 X-33 X-35 X-44 X-55 X-56
Nama	Air Express Aquila Altair Aurora Big Dipper Blackbird Chain Lightning Cheyenne Constellation L-049 L-649 L-749 Constitution Electra (Model 10) Electra (Model 188) Electra Junior Excalibur Explorer Fighting Falcon Galaxy Have Blue Hercules Hudson Hummingbird JetStar Kestrel Kingfisher Lightning Lightning II Little Dipper Lodestar Neptune Orion (Model 9) Orion (P-3) Polecat Raptor Saturn SeaStar Senior Prom Sentinel Shooting Star Sirius Starfighter Starfire Starlifter Starliner Super Constellation L-1049 L-1249 Super Electra Super Galaxy Super Hercules T-Bird TriStar Vega Ventura Viking Warning Star
Situs resmi: www.lockheedmartin.com

Basis data pengawasan otoritas
Internasional	GND
Nasional	Amerika Serikat Republik Ceko Israel
Lain-lain	Yale LUX