Chen Mingxia (ca 1601–1654) adalah Sekretariat Agung dan presiden Personil Kementerian dinasti Qing. Ia berasal dari Liyang di Jiangsu dan menjadi pejabat Tiongkok pada zaman Shunzhi (1644–1661) dari dinasti Qing (1644–1912).[1] Sebelum bergabung dengan Qing pada awal 1645, ia melayani dinasti Ming (1368–1644) dan rezim Shun berusia pendek dari pemimpin pemberontak Li Zicheng (1602–1645). Ia kemudian menjabat dalam jabatan tertinggi dari birokrasi Qing, dan diangkat ke Sekretariat Agung dari kekaisaran tersebut.
Catatan
Daftar pustaka
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- Fang, Chao-ying (1943). "Ch'ên Ming-hsia" . Dalam Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office. hlm. 95..
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{{citation}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link).
- Hucker, Charles O. (1985), A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-1193-3.
- I, Songgyu [李成珪]; Fogel, Joshua A. (1981), "Shantung in the Shun-chih Reign: The Establishment of Local Control and the Gentry Response", Ch'ing-Shih Wen-T'i, 4 (5): 1–31 – via Project MUSE (perlu berlangganan)
- Struve, Lynn (1988), "The Southern Ming", dalam Frederic W. Mote; Denis Twitchett; John King Fairbank (ed.), Cambridge History of China, Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 641–725.
- Wakeman, Frederic (1984), "Romantics, Stoics, and Martyrs in Seventeenth-Century China", Journal of Asian Studies, 43 (4): 631–68, doi:10.2307/2057148, JSTOR 2057148, S2CID 163314256 (perlu berlangganan).
- ——— (1985), The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-04804-0. 2 volumes.
